procedural-3d-engine/multisampling/multisampling.cpp

/*
* Vulkan Example - Multisampling using resolve attachments
*
* todo : add second renderpass without msaa and allow toggle 
*
* Copyright (C) 2016 by Sascha Willems - www.saschawillems.de
*
* This code is licensed under the MIT license (MIT) (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <vector>

#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>

#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
#include "vulkanexamplebase.h"

#define VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID 0
#define ENABLE_VALIDATION false
#define SAMPLE_COUNT VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT

struct {
	struct {
		VkImage image;
		VkImageView view;
		VkDeviceMemory memory;
	} color;
	struct {
		VkImage image;
		VkImageView view;
		VkDeviceMemory memory;
	} depth;
} multisampleTarget;

// Vertex layout for this example
std::vector<vkMeshLoader::VertexLayout> vertexLayout =
{
	vkMeshLoader::VERTEX_LAYOUT_POSITION,
	vkMeshLoader::VERTEX_LAYOUT_NORMAL,
	vkMeshLoader::VERTEX_LAYOUT_UV,
	vkMeshLoader::VERTEX_LAYOUT_COLOR,
};

class VulkanExample : public VulkanExampleBase
{
public:
	struct {
		vkTools::VulkanTexture colorMap;
	} textures;

	struct {
		VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo inputState;
		std::vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> bindingDescriptions;
		std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> attributeDescriptions;
	} vertices;

	struct {
		vkMeshLoader::MeshBuffer example;
	} meshes;

	struct {
		vkTools::UniformData vsScene;
	} uniformData;

	struct {
		glm::mat4 projection;
		glm::mat4 model;
		glm::vec4 lightPos = glm::vec4(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f, 1.0f);
	} uboVS;

	struct {
		VkPipeline solid;
	} pipelines;

	VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
	VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
	VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;

	VulkanExample() : VulkanExampleBase(ENABLE_VALIDATION)
	{
		zoom = -7.5f;
		zoomSpeed = 2.5f;
		rotation = { 0.0f, -90.0f, 0.0f };
		title = "Vulkan Example - Multisampling";
	}

	~VulkanExample()
	{
		// Clean up used Vulkan resources 
		// Note : Inherited destructor cleans up resources stored in base class
		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.solid, nullptr);

		vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
		vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);

		vkMeshLoader::freeMeshBufferResources(device, &meshes.example);

		// Destroy MSAA target
		vkDestroyImage(device, multisampleTarget.color.image, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImageView(device, multisampleTarget.color.view, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, multisampleTarget.color.memory, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImage(device, multisampleTarget.depth.image, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImageView(device, multisampleTarget.depth.view, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, multisampleTarget.depth.memory, nullptr);

		textureLoader->destroyTexture(textures.colorMap);

		vkTools::destroyUniformData(device, &uniformData.vsScene);
	}

	// Creates a multi sample render target (image and view) that is used to resolve 
	// into the visible frame buffer target in the render pass
	void setupMultisampleTarget()
	{
		// Check if device supports requested sample count for color and depth frame buffer
		assert((deviceProperties.limits.framebufferColorSampleCounts >= SAMPLE_COUNT) && (deviceProperties.limits.framebufferDepthSampleCounts >= SAMPLE_COUNT));

		// Color target
		VkImageCreateInfo info = vkTools::initializers::imageCreateInfo();
		info.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
		info.format = colorformat;
		info.extent.width = width;
		info.extent.height = height;
		info.extent.depth = 1;
		info.mipLevels = 1;
		info.arrayLayers = 1;
		info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
		info.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
		info.samples = SAMPLE_COUNT;
		// Image will only be used as a transient target
		info.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
		info.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;

		vkTools::checkResult(vkCreateImage(device, &info, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.color.image));

		VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;
		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, multisampleTarget.color.image, &memReqs);
		VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAlloc = vkTools::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();
		memAlloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
		// Try to get a lazily allocated memory type
		// todo : Fallback to other memory formats?
		getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT, &memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex);
		vkTools::checkResult(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.color.memory));
		vkBindImageMemory(device, multisampleTarget.color.image, multisampleTarget.color.memory, 0);

		// Create image view for the MSAA target
		VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = vkTools::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
		viewInfo.image = multisampleTarget.color.image;
		viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		viewInfo.format = colorformat;
		viewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
		viewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
		viewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
		viewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

		vkTools::checkResult(vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.color.view));

		// Depth target
		info.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
		info.format = depthFormat;
		info.extent.width = width;
		info.extent.height = height;
		info.extent.depth = 1;
		info.mipLevels = 1;
		info.arrayLayers = 1;
		info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
		info.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
		info.samples = SAMPLE_COUNT;
		// Image will only be used as a transient target
		info.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
		info.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;

		vkTools::checkResult(vkCreateImage(device, &info, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.depth.image));

		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, multisampleTarget.depth.image, &memReqs);

		memAlloc = vkTools::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();
		memAlloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
		// Try to get a lazily allocated memory type
		// todo : Fallback to other memory formats?
		getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT, &memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex);
		vkTools::checkResult(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.depth.memory));
		vkBindImageMemory(device, multisampleTarget.depth.image, multisampleTarget.depth.memory, 0);

		// Create image view for the MSAA target
		viewInfo.image = multisampleTarget.depth.image;
		viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		viewInfo.format = depthFormat;
		viewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
		viewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
		viewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
		viewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

		vkTools::checkResult(vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.depth.view));
	}

	// Setup a render pass for using a multi sampled attachment 
	// and a resolve attachment that the msaa image is resolved 
	// to at the end of the render pass
	void setupRenderPass()
	{
		// Overrides the virtual function of the base class

		std::array<VkAttachmentDescription, 4> attachments = {};

		// Multisampled attachment that we render to
		attachments[0].format = colorformat;
		attachments[0].samples = SAMPLE_COUNT;
		attachments[0].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		// No longer required after resolve, this may save some bandwidth on certain GPUs
		attachments[0].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[0].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[0].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[0].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		attachments[0].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		// This is the frame buffer attachment to where the multisampled image
		// will be resolved to and which will be presented to the swapchain
		attachments[1].format = colorformat;
		attachments[1].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		attachments[1].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[1].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		attachments[1].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[1].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[1].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		attachments[1].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		// Depth attachment
		// This needs to use the same number of samples as the msaa attachment
		attachments[2].format = depthFormat;
		attachments[2].samples = SAMPLE_COUNT;
		attachments[2].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		attachments[2].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[2].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[2].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[2].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		attachments[2].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		// Depth resolve
		attachments[3].format = depthFormat;
		attachments[3].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		attachments[3].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[3].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		attachments[3].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[3].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[3].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		attachments[3].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkAttachmentReference colorReference = {};
		colorReference.attachment = 0;
		colorReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		std::array<VkAttachmentReference,2> resolveReferences = {};
		resolveReferences[0].attachment = 1;
		resolveReferences[0].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		resolveReferences[1].attachment = 3;
		resolveReferences[1].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkAttachmentReference depthReference = {};
		depthReference.attachment = 2;
		depthReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
		subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
		subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
		subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorReference;
		subpass.pResolveAttachments = resolveReferences.data();
		subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthReference;

		VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = vkTools::initializers::renderPassCreateInfo();
		renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
		renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
		renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
		renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;

		vkTools::checkResult(vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass));
	}

	// Frame buffer attachments must match with render pass setup, 
	// so we need to adjust frame buffer creation to cover our 
	// multisample target
	void setupFrameBuffer()
	{
		// Overrides the virtual function of the base class

		std::array<VkImageView, 4> attachments;

		setupMultisampleTarget();

		attachments[0] = multisampleTarget.color.view;
		// attachment[1] = swapchain image
		attachments[2] = multisampleTarget.depth.view;
		attachments[3] = depthStencil.view;

		VkFramebufferCreateInfo frameBufferCreateInfo = {};
		frameBufferCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.pNext = NULL;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
		frameBufferCreateInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
		frameBufferCreateInfo.width = width;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.height = height;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.layers = 1;

		// Create frame buffers for every swap chain image
		frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
		{
			attachments[1] = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
			vkTools::checkResult(vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &frameBufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &frameBuffers[i]));
		}
	}

	void buildCommandBuffers()
	{

		// Initial image layout transitions
		// We need to transform the MSAA target layouts before using them

		createSetupCommandBuffer();

		// Tansform MSAA color target
		vkTools::setImageLayout(
			setupCmdBuffer,
			multisampleTarget.color.image,
			VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

		// Tansform MSAA depth target
		vkTools::setImageLayout(
			setupCmdBuffer,
			multisampleTarget.depth.image,
			VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

		flushSetupCommandBuffer();

		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vkTools::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();

		VkClearValue clearValues[3];
		clearValues[0].color = { { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f } };
		clearValues[1].color = { { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f } };
		clearValues[2].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };

		VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = vkTools::initializers::renderPassBeginInfo();
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = width;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = height;
		renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 3;
		renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;

		for (int32_t i = 0; i < drawCmdBuffers.size(); ++i)
		{
			// Set target frame buffer
			renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = frameBuffers[i];

			vkTools::checkResult(vkBeginCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], &cmdBufInfo));

			vkCmdBeginRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i], &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

			VkViewport viewport = vkTools::initializers::viewport((float)width, (float)height, 0.0f, 1.0f);
			vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);

			VkRect2D scissor = vkTools::initializers::rect2D(width, height, 0, 0);
			vkCmdSetScissor(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &scissor);

			vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSet, 0, NULL);
			vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.solid);

			VkDeviceSize offsets[1] = { 0 };
			vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(drawCmdBuffers[i], VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID, 1, &meshes.example.vertices.buf, offsets);
			vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], meshes.example.indices.buf, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
			vkCmdDrawIndexed(drawCmdBuffers[i], meshes.example.indexCount, 1, 0, 0, 0);

			vkCmdEndRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i]);

			vkTools::checkResult(vkEndCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i]));
		}
	}

	void draw()
	{
		// Get next image in the swap chain (back/front buffer)
		vkTools::checkResult(swapChain.acquireNextImage(semaphores.presentComplete, &currentBuffer));

		submitPostPresentBarrier(swapChain.buffers[currentBuffer].image);

		// Command buffer to be sumitted to the queue
		submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer];

		// Submit to queue
		vkTools::checkResult(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE));

		submitPrePresentBarrier(swapChain.buffers[currentBuffer].image);

		vkTools::checkResult(swapChain.queuePresent(queue, currentBuffer, semaphores.renderComplete));

		vkTools::checkResult(vkQueueWaitIdle(queue));
	}

	void loadTextures()
	{
		textureLoader->loadTexture(
			getAssetPath() + "models/voyager/voyager.ktx",
			VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK,
			&textures.colorMap);
	}

	void loadMeshes()
	{
		loadMesh(getAssetPath() + "models/voyager/voyager.obj", &meshes.example, vertexLayout, 1.0f);
	}

	void setupVertexDescriptions()
	{
		// Binding description
		vertices.bindingDescriptions.resize(1);
		vertices.bindingDescriptions[0] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputBindingDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				vkMeshLoader::vertexSize(vertexLayout),
				VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX);

		// Attribute descriptions
		vertices.attributeDescriptions.resize(4);
		// Location 0 : Position
		vertices.attributeDescriptions[0] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				0,
				VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
				0);
		// Location 1 : Normal
		vertices.attributeDescriptions[1] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				1,
				VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
				sizeof(float) * 3);
		// Location 2 : Texture coordinates
		vertices.attributeDescriptions[2] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				2,
				VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
				sizeof(float) * 6);
		// Location 3 : Color
		vertices.attributeDescriptions[3] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				3,
				VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
				sizeof(float) * 8);

		vertices.inputState = vkTools::initializers::pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo();
		vertices.inputState.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = vertices.bindingDescriptions.size();
		vertices.inputState.pVertexBindingDescriptions = vertices.bindingDescriptions.data();
		vertices.inputState.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = vertices.attributeDescriptions.size();
		vertices.inputState.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vertices.attributeDescriptions.data();
	}

	void setupDescriptorPool()
	{
		// Example uses one ubo and one combined image sampler
		std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes =
		{
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1),
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1),
		};

		VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorPoolCreateInfo(
				poolSizes.size(),
				poolSizes.data(),
				2);

		vkTools::checkResult(vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &descriptorPoolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool));
	}

	void setupDescriptorSetLayout()
	{
		std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> setLayoutBindings =
		{
			// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(
			VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
				VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
				0),
			// Binding 1 : Fragment shader combined sampler
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(
				VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
				VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
				1),
		};

		VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorLayout =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo(
				setLayoutBindings.data(),
				setLayoutBindings.size());

		vkTools::checkResult(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &descriptorLayout, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayout));

		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineLayoutCreateInfo(
				&descriptorSetLayout,
				1);

		vkTools::checkResult(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout));
	}

	void setupDescriptorSet()
	{
		VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetAllocateInfo(
				descriptorPool,
				&descriptorSetLayout,
				1);

		vkTools::checkResult(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descriptorSet));
		
		VkDescriptorImageInfo texDescriptor =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorImageInfo(
				textures.colorMap.sampler,
				textures.colorMap.view,
				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);

		std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> writeDescriptorSets =
		{
			// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
			vkTools::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(
			descriptorSet,
				VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
				0,
				&uniformData.vsScene.descriptor),
			// Binding 1 : Color map 
			vkTools::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(
				descriptorSet,
				VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
				1,
				&texDescriptor)
		};

		vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, writeDescriptorSets.size(), writeDescriptorSets.data(), 0, NULL);
	}

	void preparePipelines()
	{
		VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(
				VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
				0,
				VK_FALSE);

		VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo(
				VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
				VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
				VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE,
				0);

		VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState blendAttachmentState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState(
				0xf,
				VK_FALSE);

		VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo(
				1,
				&blendAttachmentState);

		VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo(
				VK_TRUE,
				VK_TRUE,
				VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL);

		VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo(1, 1, 0);

		VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo(
				SAMPLE_COUNT,
				0);

		std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStateEnables = {
			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
		};
		VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo(
				dynamicStateEnables.data(),
				dynamicStateEnables.size(),
				0);

		// Solid rendering pipeline
		// Load shaders
		std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages;

		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/mesh/mesh.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/mesh/mesh.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

		VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineCreateInfo(
				pipelineLayout,
				renderPass,
				0);

		pipelineCreateInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertices.inputState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.stageCount = shaderStages.size();
		pipelineCreateInfo.pStages = shaderStages.data();

		vkTools::checkResult(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.solid));
	}

	// Prepare and initialize uniform buffer containing shader uniforms
	void prepareUniformBuffers()
	{
		// Vertex shader uniform buffer block
		createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
			sizeof(uboVS),
			&uboVS,
			&uniformData.vsScene.buffer,
			&uniformData.vsScene.memory,
			&uniformData.vsScene.descriptor);

		updateUniformBuffers();
	}

	void updateUniformBuffers()
	{
		// Vertex shader
		glm::mat4 viewMatrix = glm::mat4();
		uboVS.projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(60.0f), (float)width / (float)height, 0.1f, 256.0f);
		viewMatrix = glm::translate(viewMatrix, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, zoom));

		float offset = 0.5f;
		int uboIndex = 1;
		uboVS.model = glm::mat4();
		uboVS.model = viewMatrix * glm::translate(uboVS.model, glm::vec3(2.5f, 2.5f, 0.0f));
		uboVS.model = glm::rotate(uboVS.model, glm::radians(rotation.x), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
		uboVS.model = glm::rotate(uboVS.model, glm::radians(rotation.y), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
		uboVS.model = glm::rotate(uboVS.model, glm::radians(rotation.z), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));

		uint8_t *pData;
		vkTools::checkResult(vkMapMemory(device, uniformData.vsScene.memory, 0, sizeof(uboVS), 0, (void **)&pData));
		memcpy(pData, &uboVS, sizeof(uboVS));
		vkUnmapMemory(device, uniformData.vsScene.memory);
	}

	void prepare()
	{
		VulkanExampleBase::prepare();
		loadTextures();
		loadMeshes();
		setupVertexDescriptions();
		prepareUniformBuffers();
		setupDescriptorSetLayout();
		preparePipelines();
		setupDescriptorPool();
		setupDescriptorSet();
		buildCommandBuffers();
		prepared = true;
	}

	virtual void render()
	{
		if (!prepared)
			return;
		vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
		draw();
		vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
		updateUniformBuffers();
	}

	virtual void viewChanged()
	{
		updateUniformBuffers();
	}
};

VulkanExample *vulkanExample;

#if defined(_WIN32)
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	if (vulkanExample != NULL)
	{
		vulkanExample->handleMessages(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
	}
	return (DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam));
}
#elif defined(__linux__) && !defined(__ANDROID__)
static void handleEvent(const xcb_generic_event_t *event)
{
	if (vulkanExample != NULL)
	{
		vulkanExample->handleEvent(event);
}
		}
#endif

// Main entry point
#if defined(_WIN32)
// Windows entry point
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
// Android entry point
void android_main(android_app* state)
#elif defined(__linux__)
// Linux entry point
int main(const int argc, const char *argv[])
#endif
{
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
	// Removing this may cause the compiler to omit the main entry point 
	// which would make the application crash at start
	app_dummy();
#endif
	vulkanExample = new VulkanExample();
#if defined(_WIN32)
	vulkanExample->setupWindow(hInstance, WndProc);
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
	// Attach vulkan example to global android application state
	state->userData = vulkanExample;
	state->onAppCmd = VulkanExample::handleAppCommand;
	state->onInputEvent = VulkanExample::handleAppInput;
	vulkanExample->androidApp = state;
#elif defined(__linux__)
	vulkanExample->setupWindow();
#endif
#if !defined(__ANDROID__)
	vulkanExample->initSwapchain();
	vulkanExample->prepare();
#endif
	vulkanExample->renderLoop();
	delete(vulkanExample);
#if !defined(__ANDROID__)
	return 0;
#endif
}