Swapchain code cleanup

Use references instead of pointers

base/VulkanRaytracingSample.cpp

@@ -111,10 +111,9 @@ void VulkanRaytracingSample::setupFrameBuffer()
 	frameBufferCreateInfo.layers = 1;
 
 	// Create frame buffers for every swap chain image
-	frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
+	frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.images.size());
-	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++) {
-	{
+		attachments[0] = swapChain.imageViews[i];
-		attachments[0] = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
 		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &frameBufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &frameBuffers[i]));
 	}
 }

base/VulkanSwapChain.cpp

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ void VulkanSwapChain::setContext(VkInstance instance, VkPhysicalDevice physicalD
 	this->device = device;
 }
 
-void VulkanSwapChain::create(uint32_t *width, uint32_t *height, bool vsync, bool fullscreen)
+void VulkanSwapChain::create(uint32_t& width, uint32_t& height, bool vsync, bool fullscreen)
 {
 	assert(physicalDevice);
 	assert(device);
@@ -221,7 +221,24 @@ void VulkanSwapChain::create(uint32_t *width, uint32_t *height, bool vsync, bool
 	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR surfCaps;
 	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &surfCaps));
 
-	// Get available present modes
+	VkExtent2D swapchainExtent = {};
+	// If width (and height) equals the special value 0xFFFFFFFF, the size of the surface will be set by the swapchain
+	if (surfCaps.currentExtent.width == (uint32_t)-1)
+	{
+		// If the surface size is undefined, the size is set to the size of the images requested
+		swapchainExtent.width = width;
+		swapchainExtent.height = height;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// If the surface size is defined, the swap chain size must match
+		swapchainExtent = surfCaps.currentExtent;
+		width = surfCaps.currentExtent.width;
+		height = surfCaps.currentExtent.height;
+	}
+
+
+	// Select a present mode for the swapchain
 	uint32_t presentModeCount;
 	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, NULL));
 	assert(presentModeCount > 0);
@@ -229,26 +246,6 @@ void VulkanSwapChain::create(uint32_t *width, uint32_t *height, bool vsync, bool
 	std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes(presentModeCount);
 	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, presentModes.data()));
 
-	VkExtent2D swapchainExtent = {};
-	// If width (and height) equals the special value 0xFFFFFFFF, the size of the surface will be set by the swapchain
-	if (surfCaps.currentExtent.width == (uint32_t)-1)
-	{
-		// If the surface size is undefined, the size is set to
-		// the size of the images requested.
-		swapchainExtent.width = *width;
-		swapchainExtent.height = *height;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		// If the surface size is defined, the swap chain size must match
-		swapchainExtent = surfCaps.currentExtent;
-		*width = surfCaps.currentExtent.width;
-		*height = surfCaps.currentExtent.height;
-	}
-
-
-	// Select a present mode for the swapchain
-
 	// The VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR mode must always be present as per spec
 	// This mode waits for the vertical blank ("v-sync")
 	VkPresentModeKHR swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
@@ -348,25 +345,23 @@ void VulkanSwapChain::create(uint32_t *width, uint32_t *height, bool vsync, bool
 
 	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &swapchainCI, nullptr, &swapChain));
 
-	// If an existing swap chain is re-created, destroy the old swap chain
+	// If an existing swap chain is re-created, destroy the old swap chain and the ressources owned by the application (image views, images are owned by the swap chain)
-	// This also cleans up all the presentable images
+	if (oldSwapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) { 
-	if (oldSwapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) 
+		for (auto i = 0; i < images.size(); i++) {
-	{ 
+			vkDestroyImageView(device, imageViews[i], nullptr);
-		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < imageCount; i++)
-		{
-			vkDestroyImageView(device, buffers[i].view, nullptr);
 		}
 		vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, oldSwapchain, nullptr);
 	}
-	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, NULL));
+	uint32_t imageCount{ 0 };
+	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr));
 
 	// Get the swap chain images
 	images.resize(imageCount);
 	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, images.data()));
 
 	// Get the swap chain buffers containing the image and imageview
-	buffers.resize(imageCount);
+	imageViews.resize(imageCount);
-	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < imageCount; i++)
+	for (auto i = 0; i < images.size(); i++)
 	{
 		VkImageViewCreateInfo colorAttachmentView = {};
 		colorAttachmentView.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
@@ -385,20 +380,16 @@ void VulkanSwapChain::create(uint32_t *width, uint32_t *height, bool vsync, bool
 		colorAttachmentView.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
 		colorAttachmentView.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
 		colorAttachmentView.flags = 0;
-
+		colorAttachmentView.image = images[i];
-		buffers[i].image = images[i];
+		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &colorAttachmentView, nullptr, &imageViews[i]));
-
-		colorAttachmentView.image = buffers[i].image;
-
-		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &colorAttachmentView, nullptr, &buffers[i].view));
 	}
 }
 
-VkResult VulkanSwapChain::acquireNextImage(VkSemaphore presentCompleteSemaphore, uint32_t *imageIndex)
+VkResult VulkanSwapChain::acquireNextImage(VkSemaphore presentCompleteSemaphore, uint32_t& imageIndex)
 {
 	// By setting timeout to UINT64_MAX we will always wait until the next image has been acquired or an actual error is thrown
 	// With that we don't have to handle VK_NOT_READY
-	return vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapChain, UINT64_MAX, presentCompleteSemaphore, (VkFence)nullptr, imageIndex);
+	return vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapChain, UINT64_MAX, presentCompleteSemaphore, (VkFence)nullptr, &imageIndex);
 }
 
 VkResult VulkanSwapChain::queuePresent(VkQueue queue, uint32_t imageIndex, VkSemaphore waitSemaphore)
@@ -421,16 +412,13 @@ VkResult VulkanSwapChain::queuePresent(VkQueue queue, uint32_t imageIndex, VkSem
 
 void VulkanSwapChain::cleanup()
 {
-	if (swapChain != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+	if (swapChain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-	{
+		for (auto i = 0; i < images.size(); i++) {
-		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < imageCount; i++)
+			vkDestroyImageView(device, imageViews[i], nullptr);
-		{
-			vkDestroyImageView(device, buffers[i].view, nullptr);
 		}
-	}
-	if (surface != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-	{
 		vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapChain, nullptr);
+	}
+	if (surface != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
 		vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);
 	}
 	surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

base/VulkanSwapChain.h

@@ -27,11 +27,6 @@
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 #endif
 
-typedef struct _SwapChainBuffers {
-	VkImage image{ VK_NULL_HANDLE };
-	VkImageView view{ VK_NULL_HANDLE };
-} SwapChainBuffer;
-
 class VulkanSwapChain
 {
 private: 
@@ -43,9 +38,8 @@ public:
 	VkFormat colorFormat{};
 	VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace{};
 	VkSwapchainKHR swapChain{ VK_NULL_HANDLE };
-	uint32_t imageCount;
 	std::vector<VkImage> images{};
-	std::vector<SwapChainBuffer> buffers{};
+	std::vector<VkImageView> imageViews{};
 	uint32_t queueNodeIndex{ UINT32_MAX };
 
 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
@@ -79,7 +73,7 @@ public:
 	* @param height Pointer to the height of the swapchain (may be adjusted to fit the requirements of the swapchain)
 	* @param vsync (Optional, default = false) Can be used to force vsync-ed rendering (by using VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR as presentation mode)
 	*/
-	void create(uint32_t* width, uint32_t* height, bool vsync = false, bool fullscreen = false);
+	void create(uint32_t& width, uint32_t& height, bool vsync = false, bool fullscreen = false);
 	/**
 	* Acquires the next image in the swap chain
 	* 
@@ -90,7 +84,7 @@ public:
 	* 
 	* @return VkResult of the image acquisition
 	*/
-	VkResult acquireNextImage(VkSemaphore presentCompleteSemaphore, uint32_t* imageIndex);
+	VkResult acquireNextImage(VkSemaphore presentCompleteSemaphore, uint32_t& imageIndex);
 	/**
 	* Queue an image for presentation
 	*

base/vulkanexamplebase.cpp

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ std::string VulkanExampleBase::getWindowTitle() const
 void VulkanExampleBase::createCommandBuffers()
 {
 	// Create one command buffer for each swap chain image
-	drawCmdBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
+	drawCmdBuffers.resize(swapChain.images.size());
 	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmdBufAllocateInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferAllocateInfo(cmdPool, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, static_cast<uint32_t>(drawCmdBuffers.size()));
 	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdBufAllocateInfo, drawCmdBuffers.data()));
 }
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ void VulkanExampleBase::drawUI(const VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
 void VulkanExampleBase::prepareFrame()
 {
 	// Acquire the next image from the swap chain
-	VkResult result = swapChain.acquireNextImage(semaphores.presentComplete, &currentBuffer);
+	VkResult result = swapChain.acquireNextImage(semaphores.presentComplete, currentBuffer);
 	// Recreate the swapchain if it's no longer compatible with the surface (OUT_OF_DATE)
 	// SRS - If no longer optimal (VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR), wait until submitFrame() in case number of swapchain images will change on resize
 	if ((result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) || (result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR)) {
@@ -3077,11 +3077,11 @@ void VulkanExampleBase::setupDepthStencil()
 void VulkanExampleBase::setupFrameBuffer()
 {
 	// Create frame buffers for every swap chain image
-	frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
+	frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.images.size());
 	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
 	{
 		const VkImageView attachments[2] = {
-			swapChain.buffers[i].view,
+			swapChain.imageViews[i],
 			// Depth/Stencil attachment is the same for all frame buffers
 			depthStencil.view
 		};
@@ -3290,7 +3290,7 @@ void VulkanExampleBase::createSurface()
 
 void VulkanExampleBase::createSwapChain()
 {
-	swapChain.create(&width, &height, settings.vsync, settings.fullscreen);
+	swapChain.create(width, height, settings.vsync, settings.fullscreen);
 }
 
 void VulkanExampleBase::OnUpdateUIOverlay(vks::UIOverlay *overlay) {}

examples/dynamicrendering/dynamicrendering.cpp

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public:
 			// This set of barriers prepares the color and depth images for output
 			vks::tools::insertImageMemoryBarrier(
 				drawCmdBuffers[i],
-				swapChain.buffers[i].image,
+				swapChain.images[i],
 				0,
 				VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
 				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public:
 			// New structures are used to define the attachments used in dynamic rendering
 			VkRenderingAttachmentInfoKHR colorAttachment{};
 			colorAttachment.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_ATTACHMENT_INFO_KHR;
-			colorAttachment.imageView = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
+			colorAttachment.imageView = swapChain.imageViews[i];
 			colorAttachment.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
 			colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
 			colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ public:
 			// This set of barriers prepares the color image for presentation, we don't need to care for the depth image
 			vks::tools::insertImageMemoryBarrier(
 				drawCmdBuffers[i],
-				swapChain.buffers[i].image,
+				swapChain.images[i],
 				VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
 				0,
 				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,

examples/inputattachments/inputattachments.cpp

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ public:
 		frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
 		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
 		{
-			views[0] = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
+			views[0] = swapChain.imageViews[i];
 			views[1] = attachments[i].color.view;
 			views[2] = attachments[i].depth.view;
 			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &frameBufferCI, nullptr, &frameBuffers[i]));

examples/multisampling/multisampling.cpp

@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ public:
 		frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
 		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
 		{
-			attachments[1] = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
+			attachments[1] = swapChain.imageViews[i];
 			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &frameBufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &frameBuffers[i]));
 		}
 	}

examples/shaderobjects/shaderobjects.cpp

@@ -268,11 +268,11 @@ public:
 		for (int32_t i = 0; i < drawCmdBuffers.size(); ++i)
 		{
 			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], &cmdBufInfo));
-			
+
 			// Transition color and depth images for drawing
 			vks::tools::insertImageMemoryBarrier(
 				drawCmdBuffers[i],
-				swapChain.buffers[i].image,
+				swapChain.images[i],
 				0,
 				VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
 				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ public:
 			// New structures are used to define the attachments used in dynamic rendering
 			VkRenderingAttachmentInfoKHR colorAttachment{};
 			colorAttachment.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_ATTACHMENT_INFO_KHR;
-			colorAttachment.imageView = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
+			colorAttachment.imageView = swapChain.imageViews[i];
 			colorAttachment.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
 			colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
 			colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ public:
 			// Transition color image for presentation
 			vks::tools::insertImageMemoryBarrier(
 				drawCmdBuffers[i],
-				swapChain.buffers[i].image,
+				swapChain.images[i],
 				VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
 				0,
 				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,

examples/subpasses/subpasses.cpp

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ public:
 		frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
 		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
 		{
-			attachments[0] = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
+			attachments[0] = swapChain.imageViews[i];
 			attachments[1] = this->attachments.position.view;
 			attachments[2] = this->attachments.normal.view;
 			attachments[3] = this->attachments.albedo.view;

examples/triangle/triangle.cpp

@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ public:
 		{
 			std::array<VkImageView, 2> attachments{};
 			// Color attachment is the view of the swapchain image
-			attachments[0] = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
+			attachments[0] = swapChain.imageViews[i];
 			// Depth/Stencil attachment is the same for all frame buffers due to how depth works with current GPUs
 			attachments[1] = depthStencil.view;         
 

examples/trianglevulkan13/trianglevulkan13.cpp

@@ -705,13 +705,13 @@ public:
 		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &cmdBufInfo));
 
 		// With dynamic rendering we need to explicitly add layout transitions by using barriers, this set of barriers prepares the color and depth images for output
-		vks::tools::insertImageMemoryBarrier(commandBuffer, swapChain.buffers[imageIndex].image, 0, VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VkImageSubresourceRange{ VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 });
+		vks::tools::insertImageMemoryBarrier(commandBuffer, swapChain.images[imageIndex], 0, VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VkImageSubresourceRange{ VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 });
 		vks::tools::insertImageMemoryBarrier(commandBuffer, depthStencil.image, 0, VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT, VkImageSubresourceRange{ VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 });
 
 		// New structures are used to define the attachments used in dynamic rendering
 		// Color attachment
 		VkRenderingAttachmentInfo colorAttachment{ VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_ATTACHMENT_INFO };
-		colorAttachment.imageView = swapChain.buffers[imageIndex].view;
+		colorAttachment.imageView = swapChain.imageViews[imageIndex];
 		colorAttachment.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
 		colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
 		colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ public:
 		vkCmdEndRendering(commandBuffer);
 
 		// This barrier prepares the color image for presentation, we don't need to care for the depth image
-		vks::tools::insertImageMemoryBarrier(commandBuffer, swapChain.buffers[imageIndex].image, VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT, 0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_NONE, VkImageSubresourceRange{ VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 });
+		vks::tools::insertImageMemoryBarrier(commandBuffer, swapChain.images[imageIndex], VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT, 0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_NONE, VkImageSubresourceRange{ VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 });
 		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer));
 
 		// Submit the command buffer to the graphics queue

examples/variablerateshading/variablerateshading.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 * Vulkan Example - Variable rate shading
 *
-* Copyright (C) 2020-2023 by Sascha Willems - www.saschawillems.de
+* Copyright (C) 2020-2024 by Sascha Willems - www.saschawillems.de
 *
 * This code is licensed under the MIT license (MIT) (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
 */
@@ -91,10 +91,9 @@ void VulkanExample::setupFrameBuffer()
 	frameBufferCreateInfo.layers = 1;
 
 	// Create frame buffers for every swap chain image
-	frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
+	frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.images.size());
-	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++) {
-	{
+		attachments[0] = swapChain.imageViews[i];
-		attachments[0] = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
 		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &frameBufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &frameBuffers[i]));
 	}
 }