/*
* Vulkan Example - Multisampling using resolve attachments
*
* Copyright (C) 2016 by Sascha Willems - www.saschawillems.de
*
* This code is licensed under the MIT license (MIT) (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <vector>

#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>

#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
#include "vulkanexamplebase.h"
#include "VulkanTexture.hpp"
#include "vulkanbuffer.hpp"

#define VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID 0
#define ENABLE_VALIDATION false
#define SAMPLE_COUNT VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT

struct {
	struct {
		VkImage image;
		VkImageView view;
		VkDeviceMemory memory;
	} color;
	struct {
		VkImage image;
		VkImageView view;
		VkDeviceMemory memory;
	} depth;
} multisampleTarget;

// Vertex layout for this example
std::vector<vkMeshLoader::VertexLayout> vertexLayout =
{
	vkMeshLoader::VERTEX_LAYOUT_POSITION,
	vkMeshLoader::VERTEX_LAYOUT_NORMAL,
	vkMeshLoader::VERTEX_LAYOUT_UV,
	vkMeshLoader::VERTEX_LAYOUT_COLOR,
};

class VulkanExample : public VulkanExampleBase
{
public:
	bool useSampleShading = false;

	struct {
		vks::Texture2D colorMap;
	} textures;

	struct {
		VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo inputState;
		std::vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> bindingDescriptions;
		std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> attributeDescriptions;
	} vertices;

	struct {
		vkMeshLoader::MeshBuffer example;
	} meshes;

	vk::Buffer uniformBuffer;

	struct UBOVS {
		glm::mat4 projection;
		glm::mat4 model;
		glm::vec4 lightPos = glm::vec4(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f, 1.0f);
	} uboVS;

	struct {
		VkPipeline MSAA;
		VkPipeline MSAASampleShading;
	} pipelines;

	VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
	VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
	VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;

	VulkanExample() : VulkanExampleBase(ENABLE_VALIDATION)
	{
		zoom = -7.5f;
		zoomSpeed = 2.5f;
		rotation = { 0.0f, -90.0f, 0.0f };
		cameraPos = glm::vec3(2.5f, 2.5f, 0.0f);
		title = "Vulkan Example - Multisampling";
	}

	~VulkanExample()
	{
		// Clean up used Vulkan resources 
		// Note : Inherited destructor cleans up resources stored in base class
		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.MSAA, nullptr);
		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.MSAASampleShading, nullptr);

		vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
		vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);

		vkMeshLoader::freeMeshBufferResources(device, &meshes.example);

		// Destroy MSAA target
		vkDestroyImage(device, multisampleTarget.color.image, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImageView(device, multisampleTarget.color.view, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, multisampleTarget.color.memory, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImage(device, multisampleTarget.depth.image, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImageView(device, multisampleTarget.depth.view, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, multisampleTarget.depth.memory, nullptr);

		textures.colorMap.destroy();

		uniformBuffer.destroy();
	}

	// Creates a multi sample render target (image and view) that is used to resolve 
	// into the visible frame buffer target in the render pass
	void setupMultisampleTarget()
	{
		// Check if device supports requested sample count for color and depth frame buffer
		assert((deviceProperties.limits.framebufferColorSampleCounts >= SAMPLE_COUNT) && (deviceProperties.limits.framebufferDepthSampleCounts >= SAMPLE_COUNT));

		// Color target
		VkImageCreateInfo info = vkTools::initializers::imageCreateInfo();
		info.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
		info.format = swapChain.colorFormat;
		info.extent.width = width;
		info.extent.height = height;
		info.extent.depth = 1;
		info.mipLevels = 1;
		info.arrayLayers = 1;
		info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
		info.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
		info.samples = SAMPLE_COUNT;
		// Image will only be used as a transient target
		info.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
		info.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImage(device, &info, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.color.image));

		VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;
		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, multisampleTarget.color.image, &memReqs);
		VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAlloc = vkTools::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();
		memAlloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
		// We prefer a lazily allocated memory type
		// This means that the memory gets allocated when the implementation sees fit, e.g. when first using the images
		VkBool32 lazyMemTypePresent;
		memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT, &lazyMemTypePresent);
		if (!lazyMemTypePresent)
		{
			// If this is not available, fall back to device local memory
			memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
		}
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.color.memory));
		vkBindImageMemory(device, multisampleTarget.color.image, multisampleTarget.color.memory, 0);

		// Create image view for the MSAA target
		VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = vkTools::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
		viewInfo.image = multisampleTarget.color.image;
		viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		viewInfo.format = swapChain.colorFormat;
		viewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
		viewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
		viewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
		viewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.color.view));

		// Depth target
		info.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
		info.format = depthFormat;
		info.extent.width = width;
		info.extent.height = height;
		info.extent.depth = 1;
		info.mipLevels = 1;
		info.arrayLayers = 1;
		info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
		info.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
		info.samples = SAMPLE_COUNT;
		// Image will only be used as a transient target
		info.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
		info.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImage(device, &info, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.depth.image));

		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, multisampleTarget.depth.image, &memReqs);
		memAlloc = vkTools::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();
		memAlloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;

		memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT, &lazyMemTypePresent);
		if (!lazyMemTypePresent)
		{
			memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
		}
		
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.depth.memory));
		vkBindImageMemory(device, multisampleTarget.depth.image, multisampleTarget.depth.memory, 0);

		// Create image view for the MSAA target
		viewInfo.image = multisampleTarget.depth.image;
		viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		viewInfo.format = depthFormat;
		viewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
		viewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
		viewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
		viewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &multisampleTarget.depth.view));
	}

	// Setup a render pass for using a multi sampled attachment 
	// and a resolve attachment that the msaa image is resolved 
	// to at the end of the render pass
	void setupRenderPass()
	{
		// Overrides the virtual function of the base class

		std::array<VkAttachmentDescription, 4> attachments = {};

		// Multisampled attachment that we render to
		attachments[0].format = swapChain.colorFormat;
		attachments[0].samples = SAMPLE_COUNT;
		attachments[0].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		// No longer required after resolve, this may save some bandwidth on certain GPUs
		attachments[0].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[0].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[0].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[0].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
		attachments[0].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		// This is the frame buffer attachment to where the multisampled image
		// will be resolved to and which will be presented to the swapchain
		attachments[1].format = swapChain.colorFormat;
		attachments[1].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		attachments[1].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[1].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		attachments[1].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[1].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[1].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
		attachments[1].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

		// Multisampled depth attachment we render to
		attachments[2].format = depthFormat;
		attachments[2].samples = SAMPLE_COUNT;
		attachments[2].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		attachments[2].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[2].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[2].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[2].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
		attachments[2].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		// Depth resolve attachment
		attachments[3].format = depthFormat;
		attachments[3].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		attachments[3].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[3].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		attachments[3].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[3].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[3].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
		attachments[3].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkAttachmentReference colorReference = {};
		colorReference.attachment = 0;
		colorReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkAttachmentReference depthReference = {};
		depthReference.attachment = 2;
		depthReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		// Two resolve attachment references for color and depth
		std::array<VkAttachmentReference,2> resolveReferences = {};
		resolveReferences[0].attachment = 1;
		resolveReferences[0].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		resolveReferences[1].attachment = 3;
		resolveReferences[1].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
		subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
		subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
		subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorReference;
		// Pass our resolve attachments to the sub pass
		subpass.pResolveAttachments = resolveReferences.data();
		subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthReference;

		std::array<VkSubpassDependency, 2> dependencies;

		dependencies[0].srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
		dependencies[0].dstSubpass = 0;
		dependencies[0].srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT;
		dependencies[0].dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
		dependencies[0].srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
		dependencies[0].dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
		dependencies[0].dependencyFlags = VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT;

		dependencies[1].srcSubpass = 0;
		dependencies[1].dstSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
		dependencies[1].srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
		dependencies[1].dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT;
		dependencies[1].srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
		dependencies[1].dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
		dependencies[1].dependencyFlags = VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT;

		VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = vkTools::initializers::renderPassCreateInfo();
		renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
		renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
		renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
		renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
		renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 2;
		renderPassInfo.pDependencies = dependencies.data();

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass));
	}

	// Frame buffer attachments must match with render pass setup, 
	// so we need to adjust frame buffer creation to cover our 
	// multisample target
	void setupFrameBuffer()
	{
		// Overrides the virtual function of the base class

		std::array<VkImageView, 4> attachments;

		setupMultisampleTarget();

		attachments[0] = multisampleTarget.color.view;
		// attachment[1] = swapchain image
		attachments[2] = multisampleTarget.depth.view;
		attachments[3] = depthStencil.view;

		VkFramebufferCreateInfo frameBufferCreateInfo = {};
		frameBufferCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.pNext = NULL;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
		frameBufferCreateInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
		frameBufferCreateInfo.width = width;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.height = height;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.layers = 1;

		// Create frame buffers for every swap chain image
		frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
		{
			attachments[1] = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &frameBufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &frameBuffers[i]));
		}
	}

	void reBuildCommandBuffers()
	{
		if (!checkCommandBuffers())
		{
			destroyCommandBuffers();
			createCommandBuffers();
		}
		buildCommandBuffers();
	}

	void buildCommandBuffers()
	{
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vkTools::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();

		VkClearValue clearValues[3];
		// Clear to a white background for higher contrast
		clearValues[0].color = { { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f } };
		clearValues[1].color = { { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f } };
		clearValues[2].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };

		VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = vkTools::initializers::renderPassBeginInfo();
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = width;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = height;
		renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 3;
		renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;

		for (int32_t i = 0; i < drawCmdBuffers.size(); ++i)
		{
			// Set target frame buffer
			renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = frameBuffers[i];

			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], &cmdBufInfo));

			vkCmdBeginRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i], &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

			VkViewport viewport = vkTools::initializers::viewport((float)width, (float)height, 0.0f, 1.0f);
			vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);

			VkRect2D scissor = vkTools::initializers::rect2D(width, height, 0, 0);
			vkCmdSetScissor(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &scissor);

			vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSet, 0, NULL);
			vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, useSampleShading ? pipelines.MSAASampleShading : pipelines.MSAA);

			VkDeviceSize offsets[1] = { 0 };
			vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(drawCmdBuffers[i], VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID, 1, &meshes.example.vertices.buf, offsets);
			vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], meshes.example.indices.buf, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
			vkCmdDrawIndexed(drawCmdBuffers[i], meshes.example.indexCount, 1, 0, 0, 0);

			vkCmdEndRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i]);

			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i]));
		}
	}

	void loadAssets()
	{
		loadMesh(getAssetPath() + "models/voyager/voyager.dae", &meshes.example, vertexLayout, 1.0f);
		textures.colorMap.loadFromFile(getAssetPath() + "models/voyager/voyager.ktx", VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK, vulkanDevice, queue);
	}

	void setupVertexDescriptions()
	{
		// Binding description
		vertices.bindingDescriptions.resize(1);
		vertices.bindingDescriptions[0] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputBindingDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				vkMeshLoader::vertexSize(vertexLayout),
				VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX);

		// Attribute descriptions
		vertices.attributeDescriptions.resize(4);
		// Location 0 : Position
		vertices.attributeDescriptions[0] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				0,
				VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
				0);
		// Location 1 : Normal
		vertices.attributeDescriptions[1] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				1,
				VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
				sizeof(float) * 3);
		// Location 2 : Texture coordinates
		vertices.attributeDescriptions[2] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				2,
				VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
				sizeof(float) * 6);
		// Location 3 : Color
		vertices.attributeDescriptions[3] =
			vkTools::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(
				VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID,
				3,
				VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
				sizeof(float) * 8);

		vertices.inputState = vkTools::initializers::pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo();
		vertices.inputState.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = vertices.bindingDescriptions.size();
		vertices.inputState.pVertexBindingDescriptions = vertices.bindingDescriptions.data();
		vertices.inputState.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = vertices.attributeDescriptions.size();
		vertices.inputState.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vertices.attributeDescriptions.data();
	}

	void setupDescriptorPool()
	{
		// Example uses one ubo and one combined image sampler
		std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes =
		{
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 1),
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1),
		};

		VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorPoolCreateInfo(
				poolSizes.size(),
				poolSizes.data(),
				2);

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &descriptorPoolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool));
	}

	void setupDescriptorSetLayout()
	{
		std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> setLayoutBindings =
		{
			// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(
			VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
				VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
				0),
			// Binding 1 : Fragment shader combined sampler
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(
				VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
				VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
				1),
		};

		VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorLayout =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo(
				setLayoutBindings.data(),
				setLayoutBindings.size());

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &descriptorLayout, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayout));

		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineLayoutCreateInfo(
				&descriptorSetLayout,
				1);

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout));
	}

	void setupDescriptorSet()
	{
		VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorSetAllocateInfo(
				descriptorPool,
				&descriptorSetLayout,
				1);

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descriptorSet));
		
		VkDescriptorImageInfo texDescriptor =
			vkTools::initializers::descriptorImageInfo(
				textures.colorMap.sampler,
				textures.colorMap.view,
				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);

		std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> writeDescriptorSets =
		{
			// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
			vkTools::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(
			descriptorSet,
				VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
				0,
				&uniformBuffer.descriptor),
			// Binding 1 : Color map 
			vkTools::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(
				descriptorSet,
				VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
				1,
				&texDescriptor)
		};

		vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, writeDescriptorSets.size(), writeDescriptorSets.data(), 0, NULL);
	}

	void preparePipelines()
	{
		VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(
				VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
				0,
				VK_FALSE);

		VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo(
				VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
				VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
				VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE,
				0);

		VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState blendAttachmentState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState(
				0xf,
				VK_FALSE);

		VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo(
				1,
				&blendAttachmentState);

		VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo(
				VK_TRUE,
				VK_TRUE,
				VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL);

		VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo(1, 1, 0);

		std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStateEnables = {
			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
		};
		VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo(
				dynamicStateEnables.data(),
				dynamicStateEnables.size(),
				0);

		VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::pipelineCreateInfo(
				pipelineLayout,
				renderPass,
				0);

		VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleState{};
		multisampleState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;

		std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages;

		pipelineCreateInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertices.inputState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.stageCount = shaderStages.size();
		pipelineCreateInfo.pStages = shaderStages.data();

		// MSAA rendering pipeline
		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/mesh/mesh.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/mesh/mesh.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
		// Setup multi sampling
		multisampleState.rasterizationSamples = SAMPLE_COUNT;		// Number of samples to use for rasterization
		
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.MSAA));

		// MSAA with sample shading pipeline
		// Sample shading enables per-sample shading to avoid shader aliasing and smooth out e.g. high frequency texture maps
		// Note: This will trade performance for are more stable image
		multisampleState.sampleShadingEnable = VK_TRUE;				// Enable per-sample shading (instead of per-fragment)
		multisampleState.minSampleShading = 0.25f;					// Minimum fraction for sample shading
		
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.MSAASampleShading));
	}

	// Prepare and initialize uniform buffer containing shader uniforms
	void prepareUniformBuffers()
	{
		// Vertex shader uniform buffer block
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
			&uniformBuffer,
			sizeof(uboVS)));

		// Map persistent
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(uniformBuffer.map());

		updateUniformBuffers();
	}

	void updateUniformBuffers()
	{
		// Vertex shader
		glm::mat4 viewMatrix = glm::mat4();
		uboVS.projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(60.0f), (float)width / (float)height, 0.1f, 256.0f);
		viewMatrix = glm::translate(viewMatrix, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, zoom));

		float offset = 0.5f;
		int uboIndex = 1;
		uboVS.model = glm::mat4();
		uboVS.model = viewMatrix * glm::translate(uboVS.model, cameraPos);
		uboVS.model = glm::rotate(uboVS.model, glm::radians(rotation.x), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
		uboVS.model = glm::rotate(uboVS.model, glm::radians(rotation.y), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
		uboVS.model = glm::rotate(uboVS.model, glm::radians(rotation.z), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));

		memcpy(uniformBuffer.mapped, &uboVS, sizeof(uboVS));
	}

	void draw()
	{
		VulkanExampleBase::prepareFrame();

		// Command buffer to be sumitted to the queue
		submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer];

		// Submit to queue
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE));

		VulkanExampleBase::submitFrame();
	}

	void prepare()
	{
		VulkanExampleBase::prepare();
		loadAssets();
		setupVertexDescriptions();
		prepareUniformBuffers();
		setupDescriptorSetLayout();
		preparePipelines();
		setupDescriptorPool();
		setupDescriptorSet();
		buildCommandBuffers();
		prepared = true;
	}

	virtual void render()
	{
		if (!prepared)
			return;
		draw();
	}

	virtual void viewChanged()
	{
		updateUniformBuffers();
	}

	void toggleSampleShading()
	{
		useSampleShading = !useSampleShading;
		reBuildCommandBuffers();
	}

	virtual void keyPressed(uint32_t keyCode)
	{
		switch (keyCode)
		{
		case KEY_S:
		case GAMEPAD_BUTTON_A:
			toggleSampleShading();
			break;
		}
	}
};

VULKAN_EXAMPLE_MAIN()