procedural-3d-engine/android/base/vulkanandroidbase.hpp

/*
* Shared android example base
*
* Will be replaced once the main examples get proper android support
*
* Copyright (C) 2016 by Sascha Willems - www.saschawillems.de
*
* This code is licensed under the MIT license (MIT) (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
*/

#pragma once

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <vector>
#include <chrono>

#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
#include "vulkanandroid.h"
#include "vulkanswapchain.hpp" 
#include "vulkantools.h"

class VulkanAndroidExampleBase
{
private:
	std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point tStart;
	VkShaderModule loadShaderModule(const char *fileName, VkShaderStageFlagBits stage)
	{
		// Load shader from compressed asset
		AAsset* asset = AAssetManager_open(app->activity->assetManager, fileName, AASSET_MODE_STREAMING);
		assert(asset);
		size_t size = AAsset_getLength(asset);
		assert(size > 0);

		char *shaderCode = new char[size];
		AAsset_read(asset, shaderCode, size);
		AAsset_close(asset);

		VkShaderModule shaderModule;
		VkShaderModuleCreateInfo moduleCreateInfo;
		VkResult err;

		moduleCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
		moduleCreateInfo.pNext = NULL;

		moduleCreateInfo.codeSize = size;
		moduleCreateInfo.pCode = (uint32_t*)shaderCode;
		moduleCreateInfo.flags = 0;
		err = vkCreateShaderModule(device, &moduleCreateInfo, NULL, &shaderModule);
		assert(!err);

		return shaderModule;
	}
public:
	bool prepared = false;

	struct android_app* app;
	uint32_t width;
	uint32_t height;
	float frameTimer = 0;

	struct Texture {
		VkSampler sampler;
		VkImage image;
		VkImageLayout imageLayout;
		VkDeviceMemory deviceMemory;
		VkImageView view;
		uint32_t width, height;
		uint32_t mipLevels;
	};

	VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties deviceMemoryProperties;
	VkInstance instance;
	VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
	VkDevice device;
	VkQueue queue;
	VkCommandPool cmdPool;
	VkCommandBuffer setupCmdBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkCommandBuffer postPresentCmdBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkCommandBuffer prePresentCmdBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> drawCmdBuffers;
	VkPipelineCache pipelineCache;
	VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
	VulkanSwapChain swapChain;
	std::vector<VkShaderModule> shaderModules;

	uint32_t currentBuffer = 0;
	struct
	{
		VkImage image;
		VkDeviceMemory mem;
		VkImageView view;
	} depthStencil;
	std::vector<VkFramebuffer>frameBuffers;
	VkRenderPass renderPass;

	struct {
		VkSemaphore presentComplete;
		VkSemaphore submitSignal;
	} semaphores;

	VkBool32 getMemoryType(uint32_t typeBits, VkFlags properties, uint32_t * typeIndex)
	{
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 32; i++)
		{
			if ((typeBits & 1) == 1)
			{
				if ((deviceMemoryProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties)
				{
					*typeIndex = i;
					return true;
				}
			}
			typeBits >>= 1;
		}
		return false;
	}

	void initVulkan()
	{
		bool libLoaded = loadVulkanLibrary();
		assert(libLoaded);

		VkResult vkRes;

		// Instance
		VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {};
		appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
		appInfo.pApplicationName = "Vulkan Android Example";
		appInfo.applicationVersion = 1;
		appInfo.pEngineName = "VulkanAndroidExample";
		appInfo.engineVersion = 1;
		// todo : Workaround to support implementations that are not using the latest SDK
		appInfo.apiVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 1);

		VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo = {};
		instanceCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
		instanceCreateInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;

		vkRes = vkCreateInstance(&instanceCreateInfo, NULL, &instance);
		assert(vkRes == VK_SUCCESS);

		loadVulkanFunctions(instance);

		// Device
		// Always use first physical device
		uint32_t gpuCount;
		vkRes = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &gpuCount, &physicalDevice);
		assert(vkRes == VK_SUCCESS);

		// Find a queue that supports graphics operations
		uint32_t graphicsQueueIndex = 0;
		uint32_t queueCount;
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &queueCount, NULL);
		assert(queueCount >= 1);

		std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueProps;
		queueProps.resize(queueCount);
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &queueCount, queueProps.data());

		for (graphicsQueueIndex = 0; graphicsQueueIndex < queueCount; graphicsQueueIndex++)
		{
			if (queueProps[graphicsQueueIndex].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT)
				break;
		}
		assert(graphicsQueueIndex < queueCount);

		// Request the queue
		float queuePriorities = 0.0f;
		VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
		queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
		queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = graphicsQueueIndex;
		queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
		queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriorities;

		// Create device
		VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceCreateInfo = {};
		deviceCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
		deviceCreateInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;
		deviceCreateInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = &queueCreateInfo;

		vkRes = vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &deviceCreateInfo, nullptr, &device);
		assert(vkRes == VK_SUCCESS);

		// Get graphics queue
		vkGetDeviceQueue(device, graphicsQueueIndex, 0, &queue);

		// Device memory properties (for finding appropriate memory types)
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &deviceMemoryProperties);

		// Swap chain
		swapChain.connect(instance, physicalDevice, device);
		swapChain.initSurface(app->window);

		// Command buffer pool
		VkCommandPoolCreateInfo cmdPoolInfo = {};
		cmdPoolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
		cmdPoolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = swapChain.queueNodeIndex;
		cmdPoolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
		vkRes = vkCreateCommandPool(device, &cmdPoolInfo, nullptr, &cmdPool);
		assert(!vkRes);

		// Pipeline cache
		VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo pipelineCacheCreateInfo = {};
		pipelineCacheCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO;
		VkResult err = vkCreatePipelineCache(device, &pipelineCacheCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineCache);
		assert(!err);

		// Create semaphores for synchronization
		VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreCreateInfo = vkTools::initializers::semaphoreCreateInfo();

		err = vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &semaphores.presentComplete);
		assert(!err);
		err = vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &semaphores.submitSignal);
		assert(!err);

		createSetupCommandBuffer();
		startSetupCommandBuffer();

		swapChain.create(setupCmdBuffer, &width, &height);

		setupDepthStencil();
		setupRenderPass();
		setupFrameBuffer();

		flushSetupCommandBuffer();

		createCommandBuffers();
	}

	void cleanUpVulkan()
	{
		swapChain.cleanup();

		vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device, descriptorPool, nullptr);
		if (setupCmdBuffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
		{
			vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, cmdPool, 1, &setupCmdBuffer);

		}
		vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, cmdPool, drawCmdBuffers.size(), drawCmdBuffers.data());
		vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, cmdPool, 1, &prePresentCmdBuffer);
		vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, cmdPool, 1, &postPresentCmdBuffer);

		vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
		{
			vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, frameBuffers[i], nullptr);
		}

		for (auto& shaderModule : shaderModules)
		{
			vkDestroyShaderModule(device, shaderModule, nullptr);
		}

		vkDestroyImageView(device, depthStencil.view, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImage(device, depthStencil.image, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, depthStencil.mem, nullptr);

		vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphores.presentComplete, nullptr);
		vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphores.submitSignal, nullptr);

		vkDestroyPipelineCache(device, pipelineCache, nullptr);
		vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);
		vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);

		freeVulkanLibrary();
	}

	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo loadShader(const char * fileName, VkShaderStageFlagBits stage)
	{
		VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStage = {};
		shaderStage.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
		shaderStage.stage = stage;
		shaderStage.module = loadShaderModule(fileName, stage);
		shaderStage.pName = "main";
		assert(shaderStage.module != NULL);
		shaderModules.push_back(shaderStage.module);
		return shaderStage;
	}

	void createSetupCommandBuffer()
	{
		VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmdBufAllocateInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::commandBufferAllocateInfo(
				cmdPool,
				VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
				1);

		VkResult vkRes = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdBufAllocateInfo, &setupCmdBuffer);
		assert(!vkRes);
	}

	void startSetupCommandBuffer()
	{
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vkTools::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();
		vkBeginCommandBuffer(setupCmdBuffer, &cmdBufInfo);
	}

	void flushSetupCommandBuffer()
	{
		VkResult err;

		if (setupCmdBuffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
			return;

		err = vkEndCommandBuffer(setupCmdBuffer);
		assert(!err);

		VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
		submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
		submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &setupCmdBuffer;

		err = vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
		assert(!err);

		err = vkQueueWaitIdle(queue);
		assert(!err);
	}

	void setupDepthStencil()
	{
		VkImageCreateInfo image = {};
		image.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
		image.pNext = NULL;
		image.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
		image.format = VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
		image.extent = { width, height, 1 };
		image.mipLevels = 1;
		image.arrayLayers = 1;
		image.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		image.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
		image.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
		image.flags = 0;

		VkMemoryAllocateInfo mem_alloc = {};
		mem_alloc.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
		mem_alloc.pNext = NULL;
		mem_alloc.allocationSize = 0;
		mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex = 0;

		VkImageViewCreateInfo depthStencilView = {};
		depthStencilView.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
		depthStencilView.pNext = NULL;
		depthStencilView.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		depthStencilView.format = VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
		depthStencilView.flags = 0;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange = {};
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

		VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;
		VkResult err;

		err = vkCreateImage(device, &image, nullptr, &depthStencil.image);
		assert(!err);
		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, depthStencil.image, &memReqs);
		mem_alloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
		getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, &mem_alloc.memoryTypeIndex);
		err = vkAllocateMemory(device, &mem_alloc, nullptr, &depthStencil.mem);
		assert(!err);

		err = vkBindImageMemory(device, depthStencil.image, depthStencil.mem, 0);
		assert(!err);
		vkTools::setImageLayout(setupCmdBuffer, depthStencil.image, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);

		depthStencilView.image = depthStencil.image;
		err = vkCreateImageView(device, &depthStencilView, nullptr, &depthStencil.view);
		assert(!err);
	}

	void setupFrameBuffer()
	{
		VkImageView attachments[2];

		// Depth/Stencil attachment is the same for all frame buffers
		attachments[1] = depthStencil.view;

		VkFramebufferCreateInfo frameBufferCreateInfo = {};
		frameBufferCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.pNext = NULL;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 2;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.width = width;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.height = height;
		frameBufferCreateInfo.layers = 1;

		// Create frame buffers for every swap chain image
		frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
		{
			attachments[0] = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
			VkResult err = vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &frameBufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &frameBuffers[i]);
			assert(!err);
		}
	}

	void setupRenderPass()
	{
		VkAttachmentDescription attachments[2];
		attachments[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		attachments[0].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		attachments[0].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		attachments[0].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		attachments[0].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[0].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[0].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		attachments[0].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		attachments[1].format = VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
		attachments[1].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		attachments[1].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		attachments[1].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		attachments[1].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[1].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attachments[1].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		attachments[1].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkAttachmentReference colorReference = {};
		colorReference.attachment = 0;
		colorReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkAttachmentReference depthReference = {};
		depthReference.attachment = 1;
		depthReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
		subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
		subpass.flags = 0;
		subpass.inputAttachmentCount = 0;
		subpass.pInputAttachments = NULL;
		subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
		subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorReference;
		subpass.pResolveAttachments = NULL;
		subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthReference;
		subpass.preserveAttachmentCount = 0;
		subpass.pPreserveAttachments = NULL;

		VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = {};
		renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
		renderPassInfo.pNext = NULL;
		renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = 2;
		renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
		renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
		renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
		renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 0;
		renderPassInfo.pDependencies = NULL;

		VkResult err;

		err = vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass);
		assert(!err);
	}

	void createCommandBuffers()
	{
		drawCmdBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);

		VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmdBufAllocateInfo =
			vkTools::initializers::commandBufferAllocateInfo(
				cmdPool,
				VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
				drawCmdBuffers.size());

		VkResult vkRes = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdBufAllocateInfo, drawCmdBuffers.data());
		assert(!vkRes);

		cmdBufAllocateInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		// Pre present
		vkRes = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdBufAllocateInfo, &prePresentCmdBuffer);
		assert(!vkRes);
		// Post present
		vkRes = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdBufAllocateInfo, &postPresentCmdBuffer);
		assert(!vkRes);
	}

	void submitPrePresentBarrier(VkImage image)
	{
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vkTools::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();

		VkResult vkRes = vkBeginCommandBuffer(prePresentCmdBuffer, &cmdBufInfo);
		assert(!vkRes);

		VkImageMemoryBarrier prePresentBarrier = vkTools::initializers::imageMemoryBarrier();
		prePresentBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
		prePresentBarrier.dstAccessMask = 0;
		prePresentBarrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		prePresentBarrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
		prePresentBarrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
		prePresentBarrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
		prePresentBarrier.subresourceRange = { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 };
		prePresentBarrier.image = image;

		vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
			prePresentCmdBuffer,
			VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT,
			VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
			VK_FLAGS_NONE,
			0, nullptr, // No memory barriers,
			0, nullptr, // No buffer barriers,
			1, &prePresentBarrier);

		vkRes = vkEndCommandBuffer(prePresentCmdBuffer);
		assert(!vkRes);

		VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = vkTools::initializers::submitInfo();
		submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &prePresentCmdBuffer;

		vkRes = vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
		assert(!vkRes);
	}

	void submitPostPresentBarrier(VkImage image)
	{
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vkTools::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();

		VkResult vkRes = vkBeginCommandBuffer(postPresentCmdBuffer, &cmdBufInfo);
		assert(!vkRes);

		VkImageMemoryBarrier postPresentBarrier = vkTools::initializers::imageMemoryBarrier();
		postPresentBarrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
		postPresentBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
		postPresentBarrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
		postPresentBarrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
		postPresentBarrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
		postPresentBarrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
		postPresentBarrier.subresourceRange = { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 };
		postPresentBarrier.image = image;

		vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
			postPresentCmdBuffer,
			VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT,
			VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
			0,
			0, nullptr, // No memory barriers,
			0, nullptr, // No buffer barriers,
			1, &postPresentBarrier);

		vkRes = vkEndCommandBuffer(postPresentCmdBuffer);
		assert(!vkRes);

		VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = vkTools::initializers::submitInfo();
		submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &postPresentCmdBuffer;

		vkRes = vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
		assert(!vkRes);
	}

	void loadTexture(const char* fileName, VkFormat format, Texture *texture, bool forceLinearTiling)
	{
		VkFormatProperties formatProperties;
		VkResult err;

		AAsset* asset = AAssetManager_open(app->activity->assetManager, fileName, AASSET_MODE_STREAMING);
		assert(asset);
		size_t size = AAsset_getLength(asset);
		assert(size > 0);

		void *textureData = malloc(size);
		AAsset_read(asset, textureData, size);
		AAsset_close(asset);

		gli::texture2D tex2D(gli::load((const char*)textureData, size));
		assert(!tex2D.empty());

		texture->width = tex2D[0].dimensions().x;
		texture->height = tex2D[0].dimensions().y;
		texture->mipLevels = tex2D.levels();

		// Get device properites for the requested texture format
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physicalDevice, format, &formatProperties);

		// Only use linear tiling if requested (and supported by the device)
		// Support for linear tiling is mostly limited, so prefer to use
		// optimal tiling instead
		// On most implementations linear tiling will only support a very
		// limited amount of formats and features (mip maps, cubemaps, arrays, etc.)
		VkBool32 useStaging = true;

		// Only use linear tiling if forced
		if (forceLinearTiling)
		{
			// Don't use linear if format is not supported for (linear) shader sampling
			useStaging = !(formatProperties.linearTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT);
		}

		VkImageCreateInfo imageCreateInfo = vkTools::initializers::imageCreateInfo();
		imageCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
		imageCreateInfo.format = format;
		imageCreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
		imageCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
		imageCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		imageCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR;
		imageCreateInfo.usage = (useStaging) ? VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT : VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
		imageCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
		imageCreateInfo.flags = 0;
		imageCreateInfo.extent = { texture->width, texture->height, 1 };

		VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAllocInfo = vkTools::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();
		VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;

		startSetupCommandBuffer();

		if (useStaging)
		{
			// Load all available mip levels into linear textures
			// and copy to optimal tiling target
			struct MipLevel {
				VkImage image;
				VkDeviceMemory memory;
			};
			std::vector<MipLevel> mipLevels;
			mipLevels.resize(texture->mipLevels);

			// Copy mip levels
			for (uint32_t level = 0; level < texture->mipLevels; ++level)
			{
				imageCreateInfo.extent.width = tex2D[level].dimensions().x;
				imageCreateInfo.extent.height = tex2D[level].dimensions().y;
				imageCreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;

				err = vkCreateImage(device, &imageCreateInfo, nullptr, &mipLevels[level].image);
				assert(!err);

				vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, mipLevels[level].image, &memReqs);
				memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
				getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, &memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex);
				err = vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, nullptr, &mipLevels[level].memory);
				assert(!err);
				err = vkBindImageMemory(device, mipLevels[level].image, mipLevels[level].memory, 0);
				assert(!err);

				VkImageSubresource subRes = {};
				subRes.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;

				VkSubresourceLayout subResLayout;
				void *data;

				vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(device, mipLevels[level].image, &subRes, &subResLayout);
				assert(!err);
				err = vkMapMemory(device, mipLevels[level].memory, 0, memReqs.size, 0, &data);
				assert(!err);
				size_t levelSize = tex2D[level].size();
				memcpy(data, tex2D[level].data(), levelSize);
				vkUnmapMemory(device, mipLevels[level].memory);

				// Image barrier for linear image (base)
				// Linear image will be used as a source for the copy
				vkTools::setImageLayout(
					setupCmdBuffer,
					mipLevels[level].image,
					VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
					VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
					VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL);
			}

			// Setup texture as blit target with optimal tiling
			imageCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
			imageCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
			imageCreateInfo.mipLevels = texture->mipLevels;
			imageCreateInfo.extent = { texture->width, texture->height, 1 };

			err = vkCreateImage(device, &imageCreateInfo, nullptr, &texture->image);
			assert(!err);

			vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, texture->image, &memReqs);

			memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memReqs.size;

			getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, &memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex);
			err = vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, nullptr, &texture->deviceMemory);
			assert(!err);
			err = vkBindImageMemory(device, texture->image, texture->deviceMemory, 0);
			assert(!err);

			// Image barrier for optimal image (target)
			// Optimal image will be used as destination for the copy
			vkTools::setImageLayout(
				setupCmdBuffer,
				texture->image,
				VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
				VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL);

			// Copy mip levels one by one
			for (uint32_t level = 0; level < texture->mipLevels; ++level)
			{
				// Copy region for image blit
				VkImageCopy copyRegion = {};

				copyRegion.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
				copyRegion.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
				copyRegion.srcSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
				copyRegion.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
				copyRegion.srcOffset = { 0, 0, 0 };

				copyRegion.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
				copyRegion.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
				// Set mip level to copy the linear image to
				copyRegion.dstSubresource.mipLevel = level;
				copyRegion.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
				copyRegion.dstOffset = { 0, 0, 0 };

				copyRegion.extent.width = tex2D[level].dimensions().x;
				copyRegion.extent.height = tex2D[level].dimensions().y;
				copyRegion.extent.depth = 1;

				// Put image copy into command buffer
				vkCmdCopyImage(
					setupCmdBuffer,
					mipLevels[level].image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
					texture->image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
					1, &copyRegion);

				// Change texture image layout to shader read after the copy
				texture->imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
				vkTools::setImageLayout(
					setupCmdBuffer,
					texture->image,
					VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
					VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
					texture->imageLayout);
			}

			flushSetupCommandBuffer();

			// Clean up linear images 
			// No longer required after mip levels
			// have been transformed over to optimal tiling
			for (auto& level : mipLevels)
			{
				vkDestroyImage(device, level.image, nullptr);
				vkFreeMemory(device, level.memory, nullptr);
			}
		}
		else
		{
			// Prefer using optimal tiling, as linear tiling 
			// may support only a small set of features 
			// depending on implementation (e.g. no mip maps, only one layer, etc.)

			VkImage mappableImage;
			VkDeviceMemory mappableMemory;

			// Load mip map level 0 to linear tiling image
			err = vkCreateImage(device, &imageCreateInfo, nullptr, &mappableImage);
			assert(!err);

			// Get memory requirements for this image 
			// like size and alignment
			vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, mappableImage, &memReqs);
			// Set memory allocation size to required memory size
			memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memReqs.size;

			// Get memory type that can be mapped to host memory
			getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, &memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex);

			// Allocate host memory
			err = vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, nullptr, &mappableMemory);
			assert(!err);

			// Bind allocated image for use
			err = vkBindImageMemory(device, mappableImage, mappableMemory, 0);
			assert(!err);

			// Get sub resource layout
			// Mip map count, array layer, etc.
			VkImageSubresource subRes = {};
			subRes.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;

			VkSubresourceLayout subResLayout;
			void *data;

			// Get sub resources layout 
			// Includes row pitch, size offsets, etc.
			vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(device, mappableImage, &subRes, &subResLayout);
			assert(!err);

			// Map image memory
			err = vkMapMemory(device, mappableMemory, 0, memReqs.size, 0, &data);
			assert(!err);

			// Copy image data into memory
			memcpy(data, tex2D[subRes.mipLevel].data(), tex2D[subRes.mipLevel].size());

			vkUnmapMemory(device, mappableMemory);

			// Linear tiled images don't need to be staged
			// and can be directly used as textures
			texture->image = mappableImage;
			texture->deviceMemory = mappableMemory;
			texture->imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;

			// Setup image memory barrier
			vkTools::setImageLayout(
				setupCmdBuffer,
				texture->image,
				VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
				texture->imageLayout);

			flushSetupCommandBuffer();
		}


		// Create sampler
		// In Vulkan textures are accessed by samplers
		// This separates all the sampling information from the 
		// texture data
		// This means you could have multiple sampler objects
		// for the same texture with different settings
		// Similar to the samplers available with OpenGL 3.3
		VkSamplerCreateInfo sampler = vkTools::initializers::samplerCreateInfo();
		sampler.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
		sampler.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
		sampler.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
		sampler.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
		sampler.addressModeV = sampler.addressModeU;
		sampler.addressModeW = sampler.addressModeU;
		sampler.mipLodBias = 0.0f;
		sampler.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER;
		sampler.minLod = 0.0f;
		// Max level-of-detail should match mip level count
		sampler.maxLod = (useStaging) ? (float)texture->mipLevels : 0.0f;
		// Enable anisotropic filtering
		sampler.maxAnisotropy = 8;
		sampler.anisotropyEnable = VK_TRUE;
		sampler.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE;
		err = vkCreateSampler(device, &sampler, nullptr, &texture->sampler);
		assert(!err);

		// Create image view
		// Textures are not directly accessed by the shaders and
		// are abstracted by image views containing additional
		// information and sub resource ranges
		VkImageViewCreateInfo view = vkTools::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
		view.image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
		view.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		view.format = format;
		view.components = { VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A };
		view.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		view.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		view.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
		view.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
		// Linear tiling usually won't support mip maps
		// Only set mip map count if optimal tiling is used
		view.subresourceRange.levelCount = (useStaging) ? texture->mipLevels : 1;
		view.image = texture->image;
		err = vkCreateImageView(device, &view, nullptr, &texture->view);
		assert(!err);
	}

	// Free staging resources used while creating a texture
	void destroyTextureImage(Texture *texture)
	{
		vkDestroyImage(device, texture->image, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, texture->deviceMemory, nullptr);
	}

	void startTiming()
	{
		tStart = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
	}

	void endTiming()
	{
		auto tEnd = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		auto tDiff = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - tStart).count();
		frameTimer = (float)tDiff;
	}

};