procedural-3d-engine/base/vulkanexamplebase.cpp

/*
* Vulkan Example base class
*
* Copyright (C) 2016-2017 by Sascha Willems - www.saschawillems.de
*
* This code is licensed under the MIT license (MIT) (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
*/

#include "vulkanexamplebase.h"

std::vector<const char*> VulkanExampleBase::args;

VkResult VulkanExampleBase::createInstance(bool enableValidation)
{
	this->settings.validation = enableValidation;

	// Validation can also be forced via a define
#if defined(_VALIDATION)
	this->settings.validation = true;
#endif	

	VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {};
	appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
	appInfo.pApplicationName = name.c_str();
	appInfo.pEngineName = name.c_str();
	appInfo.apiVersion = apiVersion;

	std::vector<const char*> instanceExtensions = { VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME };

	// Enable surface extensions depending on os
#if defined(_WIN32)
	instanceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	instanceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_ANDROID_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#elif defined(_DIRECT2DISPLAY)
	instanceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_DISPLAY_EXTENSION_NAME);
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
	instanceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_WAYLAND_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
	instanceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_XCB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK)
	instanceExtensions.push_back(VK_MVK_IOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK)
	instanceExtensions.push_back(VK_MVK_MACOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
#endif

	if (enabledInstanceExtensions.size() > 0) {
		for (auto enabledExtension : enabledInstanceExtensions) {
			instanceExtensions.push_back(enabledExtension);
		}
	}

	VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo = {};
	instanceCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
	instanceCreateInfo.pNext = NULL;
	instanceCreateInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
	if (instanceExtensions.size() > 0)
	{
		if (settings.validation)
		{
			instanceExtensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME);
		}
		instanceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = (uint32_t)instanceExtensions.size();
		instanceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = instanceExtensions.data();
	}
	if (settings.validation)
	{
		instanceCreateInfo.enabledLayerCount = vks::debug::validationLayerCount;
		instanceCreateInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = vks::debug::validationLayerNames;
	}
	return vkCreateInstance(&instanceCreateInfo, nullptr, &instance);
}

std::string VulkanExampleBase::getWindowTitle()
{
	std::string device(deviceProperties.deviceName);
	std::string windowTitle;
	windowTitle = title + " - " + device;
	if (!settings.overlay) {
		windowTitle += " - " + std::to_string(frameCounter) + " fps";
	}
	return windowTitle;
}

#if !(defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK) || defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK))
// iOS & macOS: VulkanExampleBase::getAssetPath() implemented externally to allow access to Objective-C components
const std::string VulkanExampleBase::getAssetPath()
{
#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	return "";
#elif defined(VK_EXAMPLE_DATA_DIR)
	return VK_EXAMPLE_DATA_DIR;
#else
	return "./../data/";
#endif
}
#endif

bool VulkanExampleBase::checkCommandBuffers()
{
	for (auto& cmdBuffer : drawCmdBuffers)
	{
		if (cmdBuffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
		{
			return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

void VulkanExampleBase::createCommandBuffers()
{
	// Create one command buffer for each swap chain image and reuse for rendering
	drawCmdBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);

	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmdBufAllocateInfo =
		vks::initializers::commandBufferAllocateInfo(
			cmdPool,
			VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
			static_cast<uint32_t>(drawCmdBuffers.size()));

	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdBufAllocateInfo, drawCmdBuffers.data()));
}

void VulkanExampleBase::destroyCommandBuffers()
{
	vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, cmdPool, static_cast<uint32_t>(drawCmdBuffers.size()), drawCmdBuffers.data());
}

VkCommandBuffer VulkanExampleBase::createCommandBuffer(VkCommandBufferLevel level, bool begin)
{
	VkCommandBuffer cmdBuffer;

	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmdBufAllocateInfo =
		vks::initializers::commandBufferAllocateInfo(
			cmdPool,
			level,
			1);

	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdBufAllocateInfo, &cmdBuffer));

	// If requested, also start the new command buffer
	if (begin)
	{
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(cmdBuffer, &cmdBufInfo));
	}

	return cmdBuffer;
}

void VulkanExampleBase::flushCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkQueue queue, bool free)
{
	if (commandBuffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
	{
		return;
	}
	
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer));

	VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
	submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
	submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
	submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;

	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE));
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkQueueWaitIdle(queue));

	if (free)
	{
		vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, cmdPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
	}
}

void VulkanExampleBase::createPipelineCache()
{
	VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo pipelineCacheCreateInfo = {};
	pipelineCacheCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO;
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreatePipelineCache(device, &pipelineCacheCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineCache));
}

void VulkanExampleBase::prepare()
{
	if (vulkanDevice->enableDebugMarkers) {
		vks::debugmarker::setup(device);
	}
	initSwapchain();
	createCommandPool();
	setupSwapChain();
	createCommandBuffers();
	createSynchronizationPrimitives();
	setupDepthStencil();
	setupRenderPass();
	createPipelineCache();
	setupFrameBuffer();
	settings.overlay = settings.overlay && (!benchmark.active);
	if (settings.overlay) {
		UIOverlay.device = vulkanDevice;
		UIOverlay.queue = queue;
		UIOverlay.shaders = {
			loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/base/uioverlay.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT),
			loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/base/uioverlay.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT),
		};
		UIOverlay.prepareResources();
		UIOverlay.preparePipeline(pipelineCache, renderPass);
	}
}

VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo VulkanExampleBase::loadShader(std::string fileName, VkShaderStageFlagBits stage)
{
	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStage = {};
	shaderStage.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
	shaderStage.stage = stage;
#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	shaderStage.module = vks::tools::loadShader(androidApp->activity->assetManager, fileName.c_str(), device);
#else
	shaderStage.module = vks::tools::loadShader(fileName.c_str(), device);
#endif
	shaderStage.pName = "main"; // todo : make param
	assert(shaderStage.module != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
	shaderModules.push_back(shaderStage.module);
	return shaderStage;
}

void VulkanExampleBase::renderFrame()
{
	auto tStart = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
	if (viewUpdated)
	{
		viewUpdated = false;
		viewChanged();
	}

	render();
	frameCounter++;
	auto tEnd = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
	auto tDiff = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - tStart).count();
	frameTimer = (float)tDiff / 1000.0f;
	camera.update(frameTimer);
	if (camera.moving())
	{
		viewUpdated = true;
	}
	// Convert to clamped timer value
	if (!paused)
	{
		timer += timerSpeed * frameTimer;
		if (timer > 1.0)
		{
			timer -= 1.0f;
		}
	}
	float fpsTimer = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - lastTimestamp).count();
	if (fpsTimer > 1000.0f)
	{
		lastFPS = static_cast<uint32_t>((float)frameCounter * (1000.0f / fpsTimer));
#if defined(_WIN32)
		if (!settings.overlay)	{
			std::string windowTitle = getWindowTitle();
			SetWindowText(window, windowTitle.c_str());
		}
#endif
		frameCounter = 0;
		lastTimestamp = tEnd;
	}
	// TODO: Cap UI overlay update rates
	updateOverlay();
}

void VulkanExampleBase::renderLoop()
{
	if (benchmark.active) {
		benchmark.run([=] { render(); }, vulkanDevice->properties);
		vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
		if (benchmark.filename != "") {
			benchmark.saveResults();
		}
		return;
	}

	destWidth = width;
	destHeight = height;
	lastTimestamp = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
#if defined(_WIN32)
	MSG msg;
	bool quitMessageReceived = false;
	while (!quitMessageReceived) {
		while (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) {
			TranslateMessage(&msg);
			DispatchMessage(&msg);
			if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) {
				quitMessageReceived = true;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (!IsIconic(window)) {
			renderFrame();
		}
	}
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	while (1)
	{
		int ident;
		int events;
		struct android_poll_source* source;
		bool destroy = false;

		focused = true;

		while ((ident = ALooper_pollAll(focused ? 0 : -1, NULL, &events, (void**)&source)) >= 0)
		{
			if (source != NULL)
			{
				source->process(androidApp, source);
			}
			if (androidApp->destroyRequested != 0)
			{
				LOGD("Android app destroy requested");
				destroy = true;
				break;
			}
		}

		// App destruction requested
		// Exit loop, example will be destroyed in application main
		if (destroy)
		{
			ANativeActivity_finish(androidApp->activity);
			break;
		}

		// Render frame
		if (prepared)
		{
			auto tStart = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
			render();
			frameCounter++;
			auto tEnd = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
			auto tDiff = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - tStart).count();
			frameTimer = tDiff / 1000.0f;
			camera.update(frameTimer);
			// Convert to clamped timer value
			if (!paused)
			{
				timer += timerSpeed * frameTimer;
				if (timer > 1.0)
				{
					timer -= 1.0f;
				}
			}
			float fpsTimer = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - lastTimestamp).count();
			if (fpsTimer > 1000.0f)
			{
				lastFPS = (float)frameCounter * (1000.0f / fpsTimer);
				frameCounter = 0;
				lastTimestamp = tEnd;
			}

			// TODO: Cap UI overlay update rates/only issue when update requested
			updateOverlay();

			bool updateView = false;

			// Check touch state (for movement)
			if (touchDown) {
				touchTimer += frameTimer;
			}
			if (touchTimer >= 1.0) {
				camera.keys.up = true;
				viewChanged();
			}

			// Check gamepad state
			const float deadZone = 0.0015f;
			// todo : check if gamepad is present
			// todo : time based and relative axis positions
			if (camera.type != Camera::CameraType::firstperson)
			{
				// Rotate
				if (std::abs(gamePadState.axisLeft.x) > deadZone)
				{
					rotation.y += gamePadState.axisLeft.x * 0.5f * rotationSpeed;
					camera.rotate(glm::vec3(0.0f, gamePadState.axisLeft.x * 0.5f, 0.0f));
					updateView = true;
				}
				if (std::abs(gamePadState.axisLeft.y) > deadZone)
				{
					rotation.x -= gamePadState.axisLeft.y * 0.5f * rotationSpeed;
					camera.rotate(glm::vec3(gamePadState.axisLeft.y * 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
					updateView = true;
				}
				// Zoom
				if (std::abs(gamePadState.axisRight.y) > deadZone)
				{
					zoom -= gamePadState.axisRight.y * 0.01f * zoomSpeed;
					updateView = true;
				}
				if (updateView)
				{
					viewChanged();
				}
			}
			else
			{
				updateView = camera.updatePad(gamePadState.axisLeft, gamePadState.axisRight, frameTimer);
				if (updateView)
				{
					viewChanged();
				}
			}
		}
	}
#elif defined(_DIRECT2DISPLAY)
	while (!quit)
	{
		auto tStart = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		if (viewUpdated)
		{
			viewUpdated = false;
			viewChanged();
		}
		render();
		frameCounter++;
		auto tEnd = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		auto tDiff = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - tStart).count();
		frameTimer = tDiff / 1000.0f;
		camera.update(frameTimer);
		if (camera.moving())
		{
			viewUpdated = true;
		}
		// Convert to clamped timer value
		if (!paused)
		{
			timer += timerSpeed * frameTimer;
			if (timer > 1.0)
			{
				timer -= 1.0f;
			}
		}
		float fpsTimer = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - lastTimestamp).count();
		if (fpsTimer > 1000.0f)
		{
			lastFPS = (float)frameCounter * (1000.0f / fpsTimer);
			frameCounter = 0;
			lastTimestamp = tEnd;
		}
		updateOverlay();
	}
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
	while (!quit)
	{
		auto tStart = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		if (viewUpdated)
		{
			viewUpdated = false;
			viewChanged();
		}

		while (!configured)
			wl_display_dispatch(display);
		while (wl_display_prepare_read(display) != 0)
			wl_display_dispatch_pending(display);
		wl_display_flush(display);
		wl_display_read_events(display);
		wl_display_dispatch_pending(display);

		render();
		frameCounter++;
		auto tEnd = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		auto tDiff = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - tStart).count();
		frameTimer = tDiff / 1000.0f;
		camera.update(frameTimer);
		if (camera.moving())
		{
			viewUpdated = true;
		}
		// Convert to clamped timer value
		if (!paused)
		{
			timer += timerSpeed * frameTimer;
			if (timer > 1.0)
			{
				timer -= 1.0f;
			}
		}
		float fpsTimer = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - lastTimestamp).count();
		if (fpsTimer > 1000.0f)
		{
			if (!settings.overlay)
			{
				std::string windowTitle = getWindowTitle();
				xdg_toplevel_set_title(xdg_toplevel, windowTitle.c_str());
			}
			lastFPS = (float)frameCounter * (1000.0f / fpsTimer);
			frameCounter = 0;
			lastTimestamp = tEnd;
		}
		updateOverlay();
	}
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
	xcb_flush(connection);
	while (!quit)
	{
		auto tStart = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		if (viewUpdated)
		{
			viewUpdated = false;
			viewChanged();
		}
		xcb_generic_event_t *event;
		while ((event = xcb_poll_for_event(connection)))
		{
			handleEvent(event);
			free(event);
		}
		render();
		frameCounter++;
		auto tEnd = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		auto tDiff = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - tStart).count();
		frameTimer = tDiff / 1000.0f;
		camera.update(frameTimer);
		if (camera.moving())
		{
			viewUpdated = true;
		}
		// Convert to clamped timer value
		if (!paused)
		{
			timer += timerSpeed * frameTimer;
			if (timer > 1.0)
			{
				timer -= 1.0f;
			}
		}
		float fpsTimer = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(tEnd - lastTimestamp).count();
		if (fpsTimer > 1000.0f)
		{
			if (!settings.overlay)
			{
				std::string windowTitle = getWindowTitle();
				xcb_change_property(connection, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
					window, XCB_ATOM_WM_NAME, XCB_ATOM_STRING, 8,
					windowTitle.size(), windowTitle.c_str());
			}
			lastFPS = (float)frameCounter * (1000.0f / fpsTimer);
			frameCounter = 0;
			lastTimestamp = tEnd;
		}
		updateOverlay();
	}
#endif
	// Flush device to make sure all resources can be freed
	if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
		vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
	}
}

void VulkanExampleBase::updateOverlay()
{
	if (!settings.overlay)
		return;

	ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();

	io.DisplaySize = ImVec2((float)width, (float)height);
	io.DeltaTime = frameTimer;

	io.MousePos = ImVec2(mousePos.x, mousePos.y);
	io.MouseDown[0] = mouseButtons.left;
	io.MouseDown[1] = mouseButtons.right;

	ImGui::NewFrame();

	ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowRounding, 0);
	ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(10, 10));
	ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(0, 0), ImGuiSetCond_FirstUseEver);
	ImGui::Begin("Vulkan Example", nullptr, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove);
	ImGui::TextUnformatted(title.c_str());
	ImGui::TextUnformatted(deviceProperties.deviceName);
	ImGui::Text("%.2f ms/frame (%.1d fps)", (1000.0f / lastFPS), lastFPS);

#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(0.0f, 5.0f * UIOverlay.scale));
#endif
	ImGui::PushItemWidth(110.0f * UIOverlay.scale);
	OnUpdateUIOverlay(&UIOverlay);
	ImGui::PopItemWidth();
#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	ImGui::PopStyleVar();
#endif

	ImGui::End();
	ImGui::PopStyleVar();
	ImGui::Render();

	if (UIOverlay.update() || UIOverlay.updated) {
		buildCommandBuffers();
		UIOverlay.updated = false;
	}

#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	if (mouseButtons.left) {
		mouseButtons.left = false;
	}
#endif
}

void VulkanExampleBase::drawUI(const VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
{
	if (settings.overlay) {
		const VkViewport viewport = vks::initializers::viewport((float)width, (float)height, 0.0f, 1.0f);
		const VkRect2D scissor = vks::initializers::rect2D(width, height, 0, 0);
		vkCmdSetViewport(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &viewport);
		vkCmdSetScissor(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &scissor);

		UIOverlay.draw(commandBuffer);
	}
}

void VulkanExampleBase::prepareFrame()
{
	// Acquire the next image from the swap chain
	VkResult err = swapChain.acquireNextImage(semaphores.presentComplete, &currentBuffer);
	// Recreate the swapchain if it's no longer compatible with the surface (OUT_OF_DATE) or no longer optimal for presentation (SUBOPTIMAL)
	if ((err == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) || (err == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR)) {
		windowResize();
	}
	else {
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(err);
	}
}

void VulkanExampleBase::submitFrame()
{
	VkResult res = swapChain.queuePresent(queue, currentBuffer, semaphores.renderComplete);
	if (!((res == VK_SUCCESS) || (res == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR))) {
		if (res == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
			// Swap chain is no longer compatible with the surface and needs to be recreated
			windowResize();
			return;
		} else {
			VK_CHECK_RESULT(res);
		}
	}
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkQueueWaitIdle(queue));
}

VulkanExampleBase::VulkanExampleBase(bool enableValidation)
{
#if !defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	// Check for a valid asset path
	struct stat info;
	if (stat(getAssetPath().c_str(), &info) != 0)
	{
#if defined(_WIN32)
		std::string msg = "Could not locate asset path in \"" + getAssetPath() + "\" !";
		MessageBox(NULL, msg.c_str(), "Fatal error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
#else
		std::cerr << "Error: Could not find asset path in " << getAssetPath() << std::endl;
#endif
		exit(-1);
	}
#endif

	settings.validation = enableValidation;

	char* numConvPtr;

	// Parse command line arguments
	for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); i++)
	{
		if (args[i] == std::string("-validation")) {
			settings.validation = true;
		}
		if (args[i] == std::string("-vsync")) {
			settings.vsync = true;
		}
		if ((args[i] == std::string("-f")) || (args[i] == std::string("--fullscreen"))) {
			settings.fullscreen = true;
		}
		if ((args[i] == std::string("-w")) || (args[i] == std::string("-width"))) {
			uint32_t w = strtol(args[i + 1], &numConvPtr, 10);
			if (numConvPtr != args[i + 1]) { width = w; };
		}
		if ((args[i] == std::string("-h")) || (args[i] == std::string("-height"))) {
			uint32_t h = strtol(args[i + 1], &numConvPtr, 10);
			if (numConvPtr != args[i + 1]) { height = h; };
		}
		// Benchmark
		if ((args[i] == std::string("-b")) || (args[i] == std::string("--benchmark"))) {
			benchmark.active = true;
			vks::tools::errorModeSilent = true;
		}
		// Warmup time (in seconds)
		if ((args[i] == std::string("-bw")) || (args[i] == std::string("--benchwarmup"))) {
			if (args.size() > i + 1) {
				uint32_t num = strtol(args[i + 1], &numConvPtr, 10);
				if (numConvPtr != args[i + 1]) {
					benchmark.warmup = num;
				} else {
					std::cerr << "Warmup time for benchmark mode must be specified as a number!" << std::endl;
				}
			}
		}
		// Benchmark runtime (in seconds)
		if ((args[i] == std::string("-br")) || (args[i] == std::string("--benchruntime"))) {
			if (args.size() > i + 1) {
				uint32_t num = strtol(args[i + 1], &numConvPtr, 10);
				if (numConvPtr != args[i + 1]) {
					benchmark.duration = num;
				}
				else {
					std::cerr << "Benchmark run duration must be specified as a number!" << std::endl;
				}
			}
		}
		// Bench result save filename (overrides default)
		if ((args[i] == std::string("-bf")) || (args[i] == std::string("--benchfilename"))) {
			if (args.size() > i + 1) {
				if (args[i + 1][0] == '-') {
					std::cerr << "Filename for benchmark results must not start with a hyphen!" << std::endl;
				} else {
					benchmark.filename = args[i + 1];
				}
			}
		}
		// Output frame times to benchmark result file
		if ((args[i] == std::string("-bt")) || (args[i] == std::string("--benchframetimes"))) {
			benchmark.outputFrameTimes = true;
		}
	}
	
#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	// Vulkan library is loaded dynamically on Android
	bool libLoaded = vks::android::loadVulkanLibrary();
	assert(libLoaded);
#elif defined(_DIRECT2DISPLAY)

#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
	initWaylandConnection();
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
	initxcbConnection();
#endif

#if defined(_WIN32)
	// Enable console if validation is active
	// Debug message callback will output to it
	if (this->settings.validation)
	{
		setupConsole("Vulkan validation output");
	}
	setupDPIAwareness();
#endif
}

VulkanExampleBase::~VulkanExampleBase()
{
	// Clean up Vulkan resources
	swapChain.cleanup();
	if (descriptorPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
	{
		vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device, descriptorPool, nullptr);
	}
	destroyCommandBuffers();
	vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
	{
		vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, frameBuffers[i], nullptr);
	}

	for (auto& shaderModule : shaderModules)
	{
		vkDestroyShaderModule(device, shaderModule, nullptr);
	}
	vkDestroyImageView(device, depthStencil.view, nullptr);
	vkDestroyImage(device, depthStencil.image, nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, depthStencil.mem, nullptr);

	vkDestroyPipelineCache(device, pipelineCache, nullptr);

	vkDestroyCommandPool(device, cmdPool, nullptr);

	vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphores.presentComplete, nullptr);
	vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphores.renderComplete, nullptr);
	for (auto& fence : waitFences) {
		vkDestroyFence(device, fence, nullptr);
	}

	if (settings.overlay) {
		UIOverlay.freeResources();
	}

	delete vulkanDevice;

	if (settings.validation)
	{
		vks::debug::freeDebugCallback(instance);
	}

	vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);

#if defined(_DIRECT2DISPLAY)

#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
	xdg_toplevel_destroy(xdg_toplevel);
	xdg_surface_destroy(xdg_surface);
	wl_surface_destroy(surface);
	if (keyboard)
		wl_keyboard_destroy(keyboard);
	if (pointer)
		wl_pointer_destroy(pointer);
	wl_seat_destroy(seat);
	xdg_wm_base_destroy(shell);
	wl_compositor_destroy(compositor);
	wl_registry_destroy(registry);
	wl_display_disconnect(display);
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	// todo : android cleanup (if required)
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
	xcb_destroy_window(connection, window);
	xcb_disconnect(connection);
#endif
}

bool VulkanExampleBase::initVulkan()
{
	VkResult err;

	// Vulkan instance
	err = createInstance(settings.validation);
	if (err) {
		vks::tools::exitFatal("Could not create Vulkan instance : \n" + vks::tools::errorString(err), err);
		return false;
	}

#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	vks::android::loadVulkanFunctions(instance);
#endif

	// If requested, we enable the default validation layers for debugging
	if (settings.validation)
	{
		// The report flags determine what type of messages for the layers will be displayed
		// For validating (debugging) an appplication the error and warning bits should suffice
		VkDebugReportFlagsEXT debugReportFlags = VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT;
		// Additional flags include performance info, loader and layer debug messages, etc.
		vks::debug::setupDebugging(instance, debugReportFlags, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
	}

	// Physical device
	uint32_t gpuCount = 0;
	// Get number of available physical devices
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &gpuCount, nullptr));
	assert(gpuCount > 0);
	// Enumerate devices
	std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> physicalDevices(gpuCount);
	err = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &gpuCount, physicalDevices.data());
	if (err) {
		vks::tools::exitFatal("Could not enumerate physical devices : \n" + vks::tools::errorString(err), err);
		return false;
	}

	// GPU selection

	// Select physical device to be used for the Vulkan example
	// Defaults to the first device unless specified by command line
	uint32_t selectedDevice = 0;

#if !defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)	
	// GPU selection via command line argument
	for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); i++)
	{
		// Select GPU
		if ((args[i] == std::string("-g")) || (args[i] == std::string("-gpu")))
		{
			char* endptr;
			uint32_t index = strtol(args[i + 1], &endptr, 10);
			if (endptr != args[i + 1]) 
			{ 
				if (index > gpuCount - 1)
				{
					std::cerr << "Selected device index " << index << " is out of range, reverting to device 0 (use -listgpus to show available Vulkan devices)" << std::endl;
				} 
				else
				{
					std::cout << "Selected Vulkan device " << index << std::endl;
					selectedDevice = index;
				}
			};
			break;
		}
		// List available GPUs
		if (args[i] == std::string("-listgpus"))
		{
			uint32_t gpuCount = 0;
			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &gpuCount, nullptr));
			if (gpuCount == 0) 
			{
				std::cerr << "No Vulkan devices found!" << std::endl;
			}
			else 
			{
				// Enumerate devices
				std::cout << "Available Vulkan devices" << std::endl;
				std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(gpuCount);
				VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &gpuCount, devices.data()));
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < gpuCount; i++) {
					VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties;
					vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(devices[i], &deviceProperties);
					std::cout << "Device [" << i << "] : " << deviceProperties.deviceName << std::endl;
					std::cout << " Type: " << vks::tools::physicalDeviceTypeString(deviceProperties.deviceType) << std::endl;
					std::cout << " API: " << (deviceProperties.apiVersion >> 22) << "." << ((deviceProperties.apiVersion >> 12) & 0x3ff) << "." << (deviceProperties.apiVersion & 0xfff) << std::endl;
				}
			}
		}
	}
#endif

	physicalDevice = physicalDevices[selectedDevice];

	// Store properties (including limits), features and memory properties of the phyiscal device (so that examples can check against them)
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, &deviceProperties);
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(physicalDevice, &deviceFeatures);
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &deviceMemoryProperties);

	// Derived examples can override this to set actual features (based on above readings) to enable for logical device creation
	getEnabledFeatures();

	// Vulkan device creation
	// This is handled by a separate class that gets a logical device representation
	// and encapsulates functions related to a device
	vulkanDevice = new vks::VulkanDevice(physicalDevice);
	VkResult res = vulkanDevice->createLogicalDevice(enabledFeatures, enabledDeviceExtensions);
	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
		vks::tools::exitFatal("Could not create Vulkan device: \n" + vks::tools::errorString(res), res);
		return false;
	}
	device = vulkanDevice->logicalDevice;

	// Get a graphics queue from the device
	vkGetDeviceQueue(device, vulkanDevice->queueFamilyIndices.graphics, 0, &queue);

	// Find a suitable depth format
	VkBool32 validDepthFormat = vks::tools::getSupportedDepthFormat(physicalDevice, &depthFormat);
	assert(validDepthFormat);

	swapChain.connect(instance, physicalDevice, device);

	// Create synchronization objects
	VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreCreateInfo = vks::initializers::semaphoreCreateInfo();
	// Create a semaphore used to synchronize image presentation
	// Ensures that the image is displayed before we start submitting new commands to the queu
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &semaphores.presentComplete));
	// Create a semaphore used to synchronize command submission
	// Ensures that the image is not presented until all commands have been sumbitted and executed
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &semaphores.renderComplete));

	// Set up submit info structure
	// Semaphores will stay the same during application lifetime
	// Command buffer submission info is set by each example
	submitInfo = vks::initializers::submitInfo();
	submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = &submitPipelineStages;
	submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
	submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &semaphores.presentComplete;
	submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
	submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &semaphores.renderComplete;

#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
	// Get Android device name and manufacturer (to display along GPU name)
	androidProduct = "";
	char prop[PROP_VALUE_MAX+1];
	int len = __system_property_get("ro.product.manufacturer", prop);
	if (len > 0) {
		androidProduct += std::string(prop) + " ";
	};
	len = __system_property_get("ro.product.model", prop);
	if (len > 0) {
		androidProduct += std::string(prop);
	};
	LOGD("androidProduct = %s", androidProduct.c_str());
#endif	

	return true;
}

#if defined(_WIN32)
// Win32 : Sets up a console window and redirects standard output to it
void VulkanExampleBase::setupConsole(std::string title)
{
	AllocConsole();
	AttachConsole(GetCurrentProcessId());
	FILE *stream;
	freopen_s(&stream, "CONOUT$", "w+", stdout);
	freopen_s(&stream, "CONOUT$", "w+", stderr);
	SetConsoleTitle(TEXT(title.c_str()));
}

void VulkanExampleBase::setupDPIAwareness()
{
	using SetProcessDpiAwarenessFunc = HRESULT(*)(PROCESS_DPI_AWARENESS);

	HMODULE shCore = LoadLibraryA("Shcore.dll");
	if (shCore)
	{
		SetProcessDpiAwarenessFunc setProcessDpiAwareness =
			(SetProcessDpiAwarenessFunc)GetProcAddress(shCore, "SetProcessDpiAwareness");

		if (setProcessDpiAwareness != nullptr)
		{
			setProcessDpiAwareness(PROCESS_PER_MONITOR_DPI_AWARE);
		}

		FreeLibrary(shCore);
	}
}

HWND VulkanExampleBase::setupWindow(HINSTANCE hinstance, WNDPROC wndproc)
{
	this->windowInstance = hinstance;

	WNDCLASSEX wndClass;

	wndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
	wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wndClass.lpfnWndProc = wndproc;
	wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wndClass.hInstance = hinstance;
	wndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
	wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wndClass.lpszClassName = name.c_str();
	wndClass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);

	if (!RegisterClassEx(&wndClass))
	{
		std::cout << "Could not register window class!\n";
		fflush(stdout);
		exit(1);
	}

	int screenWidth = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
	int screenHeight = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);

	if (settings.fullscreen)
	{
		DEVMODE dmScreenSettings;
		memset(&dmScreenSettings, 0, sizeof(dmScreenSettings));
		dmScreenSettings.dmSize = sizeof(dmScreenSettings);
		dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = screenWidth;
		dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = screenHeight;
		dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = 32;
		dmScreenSettings.dmFields = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT;

		if ((width != (uint32_t)screenWidth) && (height != (uint32_t)screenHeight))
		{
			if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings, CDS_FULLSCREEN) != DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL)
			{
				if (MessageBox(NULL, "Fullscreen Mode not supported!\n Switch to window mode?", "Error", MB_YESNO | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION) == IDYES)
				{
					settings.fullscreen = false;
				}
				else
				{
					return nullptr;
				}
			}
		}

	}

	DWORD dwExStyle;
	DWORD dwStyle;

	if (settings.fullscreen)
	{
		dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW;
		dwStyle = WS_POPUP | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN;
	}
	else
	{
		dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE;
		dwStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN;
	}

	RECT windowRect;
	windowRect.left = 0L;
	windowRect.top = 0L;
	windowRect.right = settings.fullscreen ? (long)screenWidth : (long)width;
	windowRect.bottom = settings.fullscreen ? (long)screenHeight : (long)height;

	AdjustWindowRectEx(&windowRect, dwStyle, FALSE, dwExStyle);

	std::string windowTitle = getWindowTitle();
	window = CreateWindowEx(0,
		name.c_str(),
		windowTitle.c_str(),
		dwStyle | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN,
		0,
		0,
		windowRect.right - windowRect.left,
		windowRect.bottom - windowRect.top,
		NULL,
		NULL,
		hinstance,
		NULL);

	if (!settings.fullscreen)
	{
		// Center on screen
		uint32_t x = (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) - windowRect.right) / 2;
		uint32_t y = (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) - windowRect.bottom) / 2;
		SetWindowPos(window, 0, x, y, 0, 0, SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOSIZE);
	}

	if (!window)
	{
		printf("Could not create window!\n");
		fflush(stdout);
		return nullptr;
		exit(1);
	}

	ShowWindow(window, SW_SHOW);
	SetForegroundWindow(window);
	SetFocus(window);

	return window;
}

void VulkanExampleBase::handleMessages(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch (uMsg)
	{
	case WM_CLOSE:
		prepared = false;
		DestroyWindow(hWnd);
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
	case WM_PAINT:
		ValidateRect(window, NULL);
		break;
	case WM_KEYDOWN:
		switch (wParam)
		{
		case KEY_P:
			paused = !paused;
			break;
		case KEY_F1:
			if (settings.overlay) {
				UIOverlay.visible = !UIOverlay.visible;
			}
			break;
		case KEY_ESCAPE:
			PostQuitMessage(0);
			break;
		}

		if (camera.firstperson)
		{
			switch (wParam)
			{
			case KEY_W:
				camera.keys.up = true;
				break;
			case KEY_S:
				camera.keys.down = true;
				break;
			case KEY_A:
				camera.keys.left = true;
				break;
			case KEY_D:
				camera.keys.right = true;
				break;
			}
		}

		keyPressed((uint32_t)wParam);
		break;
	case WM_KEYUP:
		if (camera.firstperson)
		{
			switch (wParam)
			{
			case KEY_W:
				camera.keys.up = false;
				break;
			case KEY_S:
				camera.keys.down = false;
				break;
			case KEY_A:
				camera.keys.left = false;
				break;
			case KEY_D:
				camera.keys.right = false;
				break;
			}
		}
		break;
	case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
		mousePos = glm::vec2((float)LOWORD(lParam), (float)HIWORD(lParam));
		mouseButtons.left = true;
		break;
	case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
		mousePos = glm::vec2((float)LOWORD(lParam), (float)HIWORD(lParam));
		mouseButtons.right = true;
		break;
	case WM_MBUTTONDOWN:
		mousePos = glm::vec2((float)LOWORD(lParam), (float)HIWORD(lParam));
		mouseButtons.middle = true;
		break;
	case WM_LBUTTONUP:
		mouseButtons.left = false;
		break;
	case WM_RBUTTONUP:
		mouseButtons.right = false;
		break;
	case WM_MBUTTONUP:
		mouseButtons.middle = false;
		break;
	case WM_MOUSEWHEEL:
	{
		short wheelDelta = GET_WHEEL_DELTA_WPARAM(wParam);
		zoom += (float)wheelDelta * 0.005f * zoomSpeed;
		camera.translate(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, (float)wheelDelta * 0.005f * zoomSpeed));
		viewUpdated = true;
		break;
	}
	case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
	{
		handleMouseMove(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam));
		break;
	}
	case WM_SIZE:
		if ((prepared) && (wParam != SIZE_MINIMIZED))
		{
			if ((resizing) || ((wParam == SIZE_MAXIMIZED) || (wParam == SIZE_RESTORED)))
			{
				destWidth = LOWORD(lParam);
				destHeight = HIWORD(lParam);
				windowResize();
			}
		}
		break;
	case WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE:
		resizing = true;
		break;
	case WM_EXITSIZEMOVE:
		resizing = false;
		break;
	}
}
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)
int32_t VulkanExampleBase::handleAppInput(struct android_app* app, AInputEvent* event)
{
	VulkanExampleBase* vulkanExample = reinterpret_cast<VulkanExampleBase*>(app->userData);
	if (AInputEvent_getType(event) == AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_MOTION)
	{
		int32_t eventSource = AInputEvent_getSource(event);
		switch (eventSource) {
			case AINPUT_SOURCE_JOYSTICK: {
				// Left thumbstick
				vulkanExample->gamePadState.axisLeft.x = AMotionEvent_getAxisValue(event, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_X, 0);
				vulkanExample->gamePadState.axisLeft.y = AMotionEvent_getAxisValue(event, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Y, 0);
				// Right thumbstick
				vulkanExample->gamePadState.axisRight.x = AMotionEvent_getAxisValue(event, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_Z, 0);
				vulkanExample->gamePadState.axisRight.y = AMotionEvent_getAxisValue(event, AMOTION_EVENT_AXIS_RZ, 0);
				break;
			}

			case AINPUT_SOURCE_TOUCHSCREEN: {
				int32_t action = AMotionEvent_getAction(event);

				switch (action) {
					case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP: {
						vulkanExample->lastTapTime = AMotionEvent_getEventTime(event);
						vulkanExample->touchPos.x = AMotionEvent_getX(event, 0);
						vulkanExample->touchPos.y = AMotionEvent_getY(event, 0);
						vulkanExample->touchTimer = 0.0;
						vulkanExample->touchDown = false;
						vulkanExample->camera.keys.up = false;

						// Detect single tap
						int64_t eventTime = AMotionEvent_getEventTime(event);
						int64_t downTime = AMotionEvent_getDownTime(event);
						if (eventTime - downTime <= vks::android::TAP_TIMEOUT) {
							float deadZone = (160.f / vks::android::screenDensity) * vks::android::TAP_SLOP * vks::android::TAP_SLOP;
							float x = AMotionEvent_getX(event, 0) - vulkanExample->touchPos.x;
							float y = AMotionEvent_getY(event, 0) - vulkanExample->touchPos.y;
							if ((x * x + y * y) < deadZone) {
								vulkanExample->mouseButtons.left = true;
							}
						};

						return 1;
						break;
					}
					case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN: {
						// Detect double tap
						int64_t eventTime = AMotionEvent_getEventTime(event);
						if (eventTime - vulkanExample->lastTapTime <= vks::android::DOUBLE_TAP_TIMEOUT) {
							float deadZone = (160.f / vks::android::screenDensity) * vks::android::DOUBLE_TAP_SLOP * vks::android::DOUBLE_TAP_SLOP;
							float x = AMotionEvent_getX(event, 0) - vulkanExample->touchPos.x;
							float y = AMotionEvent_getY(event, 0) - vulkanExample->touchPos.y;
							if ((x * x + y * y) < deadZone) {
								vulkanExample->keyPressed(TOUCH_DOUBLE_TAP);
								vulkanExample->touchDown = false;
							}
						}
						else {
							vulkanExample->touchDown = true;
						}
						vulkanExample->touchPos.x = AMotionEvent_getX(event, 0);
						vulkanExample->touchPos.y = AMotionEvent_getY(event, 0);
						vulkanExample->mousePos.x = AMotionEvent_getX(event, 0);
						vulkanExample->mousePos.y = AMotionEvent_getY(event, 0);
						break;
					}					
					case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE: {
						bool handled = false;
						if (vulkanExample->settings.overlay) {
							ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
							handled = io.WantCaptureMouse;
						}					
						if (!handled) {
							int32_t eventX = AMotionEvent_getX(event, 0);
							int32_t eventY = AMotionEvent_getY(event, 0);

							float deltaX = (float)(vulkanExample->touchPos.y - eventY) * vulkanExample->rotationSpeed * 0.5f;
							float deltaY = (float)(vulkanExample->touchPos.x - eventX) * vulkanExample->rotationSpeed * 0.5f;

							vulkanExample->camera.rotate(glm::vec3(deltaX, 0.0f, 0.0f));
							vulkanExample->camera.rotate(glm::vec3(0.0f, -deltaY, 0.0f));

							vulkanExample->rotation.x += deltaX;
							vulkanExample->rotation.y -= deltaY;

							vulkanExample->viewChanged();

							vulkanExample->touchPos.x = eventX;
							vulkanExample->touchPos.y = eventY;
						}
						break;
					}
					default:
						return 1;
						break;
				}
			}

			return 1;
		}
	}

	if (AInputEvent_getType(event) == AINPUT_EVENT_TYPE_KEY)
	{
		int32_t keyCode = AKeyEvent_getKeyCode((const AInputEvent*)event);
		int32_t action = AKeyEvent_getAction((const AInputEvent*)event);
		int32_t button = 0;

		if (action == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP)
			return 0;

		switch (keyCode)
		{
		case AKEYCODE_BUTTON_A:
			vulkanExample->keyPressed(GAMEPAD_BUTTON_A);
			break;
		case AKEYCODE_BUTTON_B:
			vulkanExample->keyPressed(GAMEPAD_BUTTON_B);
			break;
		case AKEYCODE_BUTTON_X:
			vulkanExample->keyPressed(GAMEPAD_BUTTON_X);
			break;
		case AKEYCODE_BUTTON_Y:
			vulkanExample->keyPressed(GAMEPAD_BUTTON_Y);
			break;
		case AKEYCODE_BUTTON_L1:
			vulkanExample->keyPressed(GAMEPAD_BUTTON_L1);
			break;
		case AKEYCODE_BUTTON_R1:
			vulkanExample->keyPressed(GAMEPAD_BUTTON_R1);
			break;
		case AKEYCODE_BUTTON_START:
			vulkanExample->paused = !vulkanExample->paused;
			break;
		};

		LOGD("Button %d pressed", keyCode);
	}

	return 0;
}

void VulkanExampleBase::handleAppCommand(android_app * app, int32_t cmd)
{
	assert(app->userData != NULL);
	VulkanExampleBase* vulkanExample = reinterpret_cast<VulkanExampleBase*>(app->userData);
	switch (cmd)
	{
	case APP_CMD_SAVE_STATE:
		LOGD("APP_CMD_SAVE_STATE");
		/*
		vulkanExample->app->savedState = malloc(sizeof(struct saved_state));
		*((struct saved_state*)vulkanExample->app->savedState) = vulkanExample->state;
		vulkanExample->app->savedStateSize = sizeof(struct saved_state);
		*/
		break;
	case APP_CMD_INIT_WINDOW:
		LOGD("APP_CMD_INIT_WINDOW");
		if (androidApp->window != NULL)
		{
			if (vulkanExample->initVulkan()) {
				vulkanExample->prepare();
				assert(vulkanExample->prepared);
			}
			else {
				LOGE("Could not initialize Vulkan, exiting!");
				androidApp->destroyRequested = 1;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			LOGE("No window assigned!");
		}
		break;
	case APP_CMD_LOST_FOCUS:
		LOGD("APP_CMD_LOST_FOCUS");
		vulkanExample->focused = false;
		break;
	case APP_CMD_GAINED_FOCUS:
		LOGD("APP_CMD_GAINED_FOCUS");
		vulkanExample->focused = true;
		break;
	case APP_CMD_TERM_WINDOW:
		// Window is hidden or closed, clean up resources
		LOGD("APP_CMD_TERM_WINDOW");
		if (vulkanExample->prepared) {
			vulkanExample->swapChain.cleanup();
		}
		break;
	}
}
#elif (defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK) || defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK))
void* VulkanExampleBase::setupWindow(void* view)
{
	this->view = view;
	return view;
}
#elif defined(_DIRECT2DISPLAY)
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::registryGlobalCb(void *data,
		wl_registry *registry, uint32_t name, const char *interface,
		uint32_t version)
{
	VulkanExampleBase *self = reinterpret_cast<VulkanExampleBase *>(data);
	self->registryGlobal(registry, name, interface, version);
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::seatCapabilitiesCb(void *data, wl_seat *seat,
		uint32_t caps)
{
	VulkanExampleBase *self = reinterpret_cast<VulkanExampleBase *>(data);
	self->seatCapabilities(seat, caps);
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::pointerEnterCb(void *data,
		wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t serial, wl_surface *surface,
		wl_fixed_t sx, wl_fixed_t sy)
{
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::pointerLeaveCb(void *data,
		wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t serial, wl_surface *surface)
{
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::pointerMotionCb(void *data,
		wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t time, wl_fixed_t sx, wl_fixed_t sy)
{
	VulkanExampleBase *self = reinterpret_cast<VulkanExampleBase *>(data);
	self->pointerMotion(pointer, time, sx, sy);
}
void VulkanExampleBase::pointerMotion(wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t time, wl_fixed_t sx, wl_fixed_t sy)
{
	handleMouseMove(wl_fixed_to_int(sx), wl_fixed_to_int(sy));
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::pointerButtonCb(void *data,
		wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t button,
		uint32_t state)
{
	VulkanExampleBase *self = reinterpret_cast<VulkanExampleBase *>(data);
	self->pointerButton(pointer, serial, time, button, state);
}

void VulkanExampleBase::pointerButton(struct wl_pointer *pointer,
		uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t button, uint32_t state)
{
	switch (button)
	{
	case BTN_LEFT:
		mouseButtons.left = !!state;
		break;
	case BTN_MIDDLE:
		mouseButtons.middle = !!state;
		break;
	case BTN_RIGHT:
		mouseButtons.right = !!state;
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::pointerAxisCb(void *data,
		wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t time, uint32_t axis,
		wl_fixed_t value)
{
	VulkanExampleBase *self = reinterpret_cast<VulkanExampleBase *>(data);
	self->pointerAxis(pointer, time, axis, value);
}

void VulkanExampleBase::pointerAxis(wl_pointer *pointer, uint32_t time,
		uint32_t axis, wl_fixed_t value)
{
	double d = wl_fixed_to_double(value);
	switch (axis)
	{
	case REL_X:
		zoom += d * 0.005f * zoomSpeed;
		camera.translate(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, d * 0.005f * zoomSpeed));
		viewUpdated = true;
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::keyboardKeymapCb(void *data,
		struct wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t format, int fd, uint32_t size)
{
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::keyboardEnterCb(void *data,
		struct wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial,
		struct wl_surface *surface, struct wl_array *keys)
{
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::keyboardLeaveCb(void *data,
		struct wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial,
		struct wl_surface *surface)
{
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::keyboardKeyCb(void *data,
		struct wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time,
		uint32_t key, uint32_t state)
{
	VulkanExampleBase *self = reinterpret_cast<VulkanExampleBase *>(data);
	self->keyboardKey(keyboard, serial, time, key, state);
}

void VulkanExampleBase::keyboardKey(struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
		uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t key, uint32_t state)
{
	switch (key)
	{
	case KEY_W:
		camera.keys.up = !!state;
		break;
	case KEY_S:
		camera.keys.down = !!state;
		break;
	case KEY_A:
		camera.keys.left = !!state;
		break;
	case KEY_D:
		camera.keys.right = !!state;
		break;
	case KEY_P:
		if (state)
			paused = !paused;
		break;
	case KEY_F1:
		if (state && settings.overlay)
			settings.overlay = !settings.overlay;
		break;
	case KEY_ESC:
		quit = true;
		break;
	}

	if (state)
		keyPressed(key);
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::keyboardModifiersCb(void *data,
		struct wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial, uint32_t mods_depressed,
		uint32_t mods_latched, uint32_t mods_locked, uint32_t group)
{
}

void VulkanExampleBase::seatCapabilities(wl_seat *seat, uint32_t caps)
{
	if ((caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER) && !pointer)
	{
		pointer = wl_seat_get_pointer(seat);
		static const struct wl_pointer_listener pointer_listener =
		{ pointerEnterCb, pointerLeaveCb, pointerMotionCb, pointerButtonCb,
				pointerAxisCb, };
		wl_pointer_add_listener(pointer, &pointer_listener, this);
	}
	else if (!(caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER) && pointer)
	{
		wl_pointer_destroy(pointer);
		pointer = nullptr;
	}

	if ((caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_KEYBOARD) && !keyboard)
	{
		keyboard = wl_seat_get_keyboard(seat);
		static const struct wl_keyboard_listener keyboard_listener =
		{ keyboardKeymapCb, keyboardEnterCb, keyboardLeaveCb, keyboardKeyCb,
				keyboardModifiersCb, };
		wl_keyboard_add_listener(keyboard, &keyboard_listener, this);
	}
	else if (!(caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_KEYBOARD) && keyboard)
	{
		wl_keyboard_destroy(keyboard);
		keyboard = nullptr;
	}
}

static void xdg_wm_base_ping(void *data, struct xdg_wm_base *shell, uint32_t serial)
{
	xdg_wm_base_pong(shell, serial);
}

static const struct xdg_wm_base_listener xdg_wm_base_listener = {
	xdg_wm_base_ping,
};

void VulkanExampleBase::registryGlobal(wl_registry *registry, uint32_t name,
		const char *interface, uint32_t version)
{
	if (strcmp(interface, "wl_compositor") == 0)
	{
		compositor = (wl_compositor *) wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
				&wl_compositor_interface, 3);
	}
	else if (strcmp(interface, "xdg_wm_base") == 0)
	{
		shell = (xdg_wm_base *) wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
				&xdg_wm_base_interface, 1);
		xdg_wm_base_add_listener(shell, &xdg_wm_base_listener, nullptr);
	}
	else if (strcmp(interface, "wl_seat") == 0)
	{
		seat = (wl_seat *) wl_registry_bind(registry, name, &wl_seat_interface,
				1);

		static const struct wl_seat_listener seat_listener =
		{ seatCapabilitiesCb, };
		wl_seat_add_listener(seat, &seat_listener, this);
	}
}

/*static*/void VulkanExampleBase::registryGlobalRemoveCb(void *data,
		struct wl_registry *registry, uint32_t name)
{
}

void VulkanExampleBase::initWaylandConnection()
{
	display = wl_display_connect(NULL);
	if (!display)
	{
		std::cout << "Could not connect to Wayland display!\n";
		fflush(stdout);
		exit(1);
	}

	registry = wl_display_get_registry(display);
	if (!registry)
	{
		std::cout << "Could not get Wayland registry!\n";
		fflush(stdout);
		exit(1);
	}

	static const struct wl_registry_listener registry_listener =
	{ registryGlobalCb, registryGlobalRemoveCb };
	wl_registry_add_listener(registry, &registry_listener, this);
	wl_display_dispatch(display);
	wl_display_roundtrip(display);
	if (!compositor || !shell || !seat)
	{
		std::cout << "Could not bind Wayland protocols!\n";
		fflush(stdout);
		exit(1);
	}
}

void VulkanExampleBase::setSize(int width, int height)
{
	if (width <= 0 || height <= 0)
		return;

	destWidth = width;
	destHeight = height;

	windowResize();
}

static void
xdg_surface_handle_configure(void *data, struct xdg_surface *surface,
			     uint32_t serial)
{
	VulkanExampleBase *base = (VulkanExampleBase *) data;

	xdg_surface_ack_configure(surface, serial);
	base->configured = true;
}

static const struct xdg_surface_listener xdg_surface_listener = {
	xdg_surface_handle_configure,
};


static void
xdg_toplevel_handle_configure(void *data, struct xdg_toplevel *toplevel,
			      int32_t width, int32_t height,
			      struct wl_array *states)
{
	VulkanExampleBase *base = (VulkanExampleBase *) data;

	base->setSize(width, height);
}

static void
xdg_toplevel_handle_close(void *data, struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel)
{
	VulkanExampleBase *base = (VulkanExampleBase *) data;

	base->quit = true;
}


static const struct xdg_toplevel_listener xdg_toplevel_listener = {
	xdg_toplevel_handle_configure,
	xdg_toplevel_handle_close,
};


struct xdg_surface *VulkanExampleBase::setupWindow()
{
	surface = wl_compositor_create_surface(compositor);
	xdg_surface = xdg_wm_base_get_xdg_surface(shell, surface);

	xdg_surface_add_listener(xdg_surface, &xdg_surface_listener, this);
	xdg_toplevel = xdg_surface_get_toplevel(xdg_surface);
	xdg_toplevel_add_listener(xdg_toplevel, &xdg_toplevel_listener, this);

	std::string windowTitle = getWindowTitle();
	xdg_toplevel_set_title(xdg_toplevel, windowTitle.c_str());
	wl_surface_commit(surface);
	return xdg_surface;
}

#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)

static inline xcb_intern_atom_reply_t* intern_atom_helper(xcb_connection_t *conn, bool only_if_exists, const char *str)
{
	xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t cookie = xcb_intern_atom(conn, only_if_exists, strlen(str), str);
	return xcb_intern_atom_reply(conn, cookie, NULL);
}

// Set up a window using XCB and request event types
xcb_window_t VulkanExampleBase::setupWindow()
{
	uint32_t value_mask, value_list[32];

	window = xcb_generate_id(connection);

	value_mask = XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL | XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
	value_list[0] = screen->black_pixel;
	value_list[1] =
		XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_RELEASE |
		XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_PRESS |
		XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE |
		XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
		XCB_EVENT_MASK_POINTER_MOTION |
		XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS |
		XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_RELEASE;

	if (settings.fullscreen)
	{
		width = destWidth = screen->width_in_pixels;
		height = destHeight = screen->height_in_pixels;
	}

	xcb_create_window(connection,
		XCB_COPY_FROM_PARENT,
		window, screen->root,
		0, 0, width, height, 0,
		XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT,
		screen->root_visual,
		value_mask, value_list);

	/* Magic code that will send notification when window is destroyed */
	xcb_intern_atom_reply_t* reply = intern_atom_helper(connection, true, "WM_PROTOCOLS");
	atom_wm_delete_window = intern_atom_helper(connection, false, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW");

	xcb_change_property(connection, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
		window, (*reply).atom, 4, 32, 1,
		&(*atom_wm_delete_window).atom);

	std::string windowTitle = getWindowTitle();
	xcb_change_property(connection, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
		window, XCB_ATOM_WM_NAME, XCB_ATOM_STRING, 8,
		title.size(), windowTitle.c_str());

	free(reply);

	if (settings.fullscreen)
	{
		xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *atom_wm_state = intern_atom_helper(connection, false, "_NET_WM_STATE");
		xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *atom_wm_fullscreen = intern_atom_helper(connection, false, "_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN");
		xcb_change_property(connection,
				XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
				window, atom_wm_state->atom,
				XCB_ATOM_ATOM, 32, 1,
				&(atom_wm_fullscreen->atom));
		free(atom_wm_fullscreen);
		free(atom_wm_state);
	}	

	xcb_map_window(connection, window);

	return(window);
}

// Initialize XCB connection
void VulkanExampleBase::initxcbConnection()
{
	const xcb_setup_t *setup;
	xcb_screen_iterator_t iter;
	int scr;

	connection = xcb_connect(NULL, &scr);
	if (connection == NULL) {
		printf("Could not find a compatible Vulkan ICD!\n");
		fflush(stdout);
		exit(1);
	}

	setup = xcb_get_setup(connection);
	iter = xcb_setup_roots_iterator(setup);
	while (scr-- > 0)
		xcb_screen_next(&iter);
	screen = iter.data;
}

void VulkanExampleBase::handleEvent(const xcb_generic_event_t *event)
{
	switch (event->response_type & 0x7f)
	{
	case XCB_CLIENT_MESSAGE:
		if ((*(xcb_client_message_event_t*)event).data.data32[0] ==
			(*atom_wm_delete_window).atom) {
			quit = true;
		}
		break;
	case XCB_MOTION_NOTIFY:
	{
		xcb_motion_notify_event_t *motion = (xcb_motion_notify_event_t *)event;
		handleMouseMove((int32_t)motion->event_x, (int32_t)motion->event_y);
		break;
	}
	break;
	case XCB_BUTTON_PRESS:
	{
		xcb_button_press_event_t *press = (xcb_button_press_event_t *)event;
		if (press->detail == XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_1)
			mouseButtons.left = true;
		if (press->detail == XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_2)
			mouseButtons.middle = true;
		if (press->detail == XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_3)
			mouseButtons.right = true;
	}
	break;
	case XCB_BUTTON_RELEASE:
	{
		xcb_button_press_event_t *press = (xcb_button_press_event_t *)event;
		if (press->detail == XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_1)
			mouseButtons.left = false;
		if (press->detail == XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_2)
			mouseButtons.middle = false;
		if (press->detail == XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_3)
			mouseButtons.right = false;
	}
	break;
	case XCB_KEY_PRESS:
	{
		const xcb_key_release_event_t *keyEvent = (const xcb_key_release_event_t *)event;
		switch (keyEvent->detail)
		{
			case KEY_W:
				camera.keys.up = true;
				break;
			case KEY_S:
				camera.keys.down = true;
				break;
			case KEY_A:
				camera.keys.left = true;
				break;
			case KEY_D:
				camera.keys.right = true;
				break;
			case KEY_P:
				paused = !paused;
				break;
			case KEY_F1:
				if (settings.overlay) {
					settings.overlay = !settings.overlay;
				}
				break;				
		}
	}
	break;	
	case XCB_KEY_RELEASE:
	{
		const xcb_key_release_event_t *keyEvent = (const xcb_key_release_event_t *)event;
		switch (keyEvent->detail)
		{
			case KEY_W:
				camera.keys.up = false;
				break;
			case KEY_S:
				camera.keys.down = false;
				break;
			case KEY_A:
				camera.keys.left = false;
				break;
			case KEY_D:
				camera.keys.right = false;
				break;			
			case KEY_ESCAPE:
				quit = true;
				break;
		}
		keyPressed(keyEvent->detail);
	}
	break;
	case XCB_DESTROY_NOTIFY:
		quit = true;
		break;
	case XCB_CONFIGURE_NOTIFY:
	{
		const xcb_configure_notify_event_t *cfgEvent = (const xcb_configure_notify_event_t *)event;
		if ((prepared) && ((cfgEvent->width != width) || (cfgEvent->height != height)))
		{
				destWidth = cfgEvent->width;
				destHeight = cfgEvent->height;
				if ((destWidth > 0) && (destHeight > 0))
				{
					windowResize();
				}
		}
	}
	break;
	default:
		break;
	}
}
#endif

void VulkanExampleBase::viewChanged() {}

void VulkanExampleBase::keyPressed(uint32_t) {}

void VulkanExampleBase::mouseMoved(double x, double y, bool & handled) {}

void VulkanExampleBase::buildCommandBuffers() {}

void VulkanExampleBase::createSynchronizationPrimitives()
{
	// Wait fences to sync command buffer access
	VkFenceCreateInfo fenceCreateInfo = vks::initializers::fenceCreateInfo(VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT);
	waitFences.resize(drawCmdBuffers.size());
	for (auto& fence : waitFences) {
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateFence(device, &fenceCreateInfo, nullptr, &fence));
	}
}

void VulkanExampleBase::createCommandPool()
{
	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo cmdPoolInfo = {};
	cmdPoolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
	cmdPoolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = swapChain.queueNodeIndex;
	cmdPoolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateCommandPool(device, &cmdPoolInfo, nullptr, &cmdPool));
}

void VulkanExampleBase::setupDepthStencil()
{
	VkImageCreateInfo imageCI{};
	imageCI.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
	imageCI.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
	imageCI.format = depthFormat;
	imageCI.extent = { width, height, 1 };
	imageCI.mipLevels = 1;
	imageCI.arrayLayers = 1;
	imageCI.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
	imageCI.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
	imageCI.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;

	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImage(device, &imageCI, nullptr, &depthStencil.image));
	VkMemoryRequirements memReqs{};
	vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, depthStencil.image, &memReqs);

	VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAllloc{};
	memAllloc.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
	memAllloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
	memAllloc.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAllloc, nullptr, &depthStencil.mem));
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindImageMemory(device, depthStencil.image, depthStencil.mem, 0));

	VkImageViewCreateInfo imageViewCI{};
	imageViewCI.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
	imageViewCI.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
	imageViewCI.image = depthStencil.image;
	imageViewCI.format = depthFormat;
	imageViewCI.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
	imageViewCI.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
	imageViewCI.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
	imageViewCI.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
	imageViewCI.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
	// Stencil aspect should only be set on depth + stencil formats (VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT..VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT
	if (depthFormat >= VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT) {
		imageViewCI.subresourceRange.aspectMask |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
	}
	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &imageViewCI, nullptr, &depthStencil.view));
}

void VulkanExampleBase::setupFrameBuffer()
{
	VkImageView attachments[2];

	// Depth/Stencil attachment is the same for all frame buffers
	attachments[1] = depthStencil.view;

	VkFramebufferCreateInfo frameBufferCreateInfo = {};
	frameBufferCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
	frameBufferCreateInfo.pNext = NULL;
	frameBufferCreateInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
	frameBufferCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 2;
	frameBufferCreateInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
	frameBufferCreateInfo.width = width;
	frameBufferCreateInfo.height = height;
	frameBufferCreateInfo.layers = 1;

	// Create frame buffers for every swap chain image
	frameBuffers.resize(swapChain.imageCount);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++)
	{
		attachments[0] = swapChain.buffers[i].view;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &frameBufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &frameBuffers[i]));
	}
}

void VulkanExampleBase::setupRenderPass()
{
	std::array<VkAttachmentDescription, 2> attachments = {};
	// Color attachment
	attachments[0].format = swapChain.colorFormat;
	attachments[0].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
	attachments[0].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
	attachments[0].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
	attachments[0].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
	attachments[0].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
	attachments[0].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
	attachments[0].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
	// Depth attachment
	attachments[1].format = depthFormat;
	attachments[1].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
	attachments[1].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
	attachments[1].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
	attachments[1].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
	attachments[1].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
	attachments[1].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
	attachments[1].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkAttachmentReference colorReference = {};
	colorReference.attachment = 0;
	colorReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkAttachmentReference depthReference = {};
	depthReference.attachment = 1;
	depthReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkSubpassDescription subpassDescription = {};
	subpassDescription.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
	subpassDescription.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
	subpassDescription.pColorAttachments = &colorReference;
	subpassDescription.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthReference;
	subpassDescription.inputAttachmentCount = 0;
	subpassDescription.pInputAttachments = nullptr;
	subpassDescription.preserveAttachmentCount = 0;
	subpassDescription.pPreserveAttachments = nullptr;
	subpassDescription.pResolveAttachments = nullptr;

	// Subpass dependencies for layout transitions
	std::array<VkSubpassDependency, 2> dependencies;

	dependencies[0].srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
	dependencies[0].dstSubpass = 0;
	dependencies[0].srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT;
	dependencies[0].dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
	dependencies[0].srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
	dependencies[0].dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
	dependencies[0].dependencyFlags = VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT;

	dependencies[1].srcSubpass = 0;
	dependencies[1].dstSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
	dependencies[1].srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
	dependencies[1].dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT;
	dependencies[1].srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
	dependencies[1].dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
	dependencies[1].dependencyFlags = VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT;

	VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = {};
	renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
	renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
	renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
	renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
	renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpassDescription;
	renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dependencies.size());
	renderPassInfo.pDependencies = dependencies.data();

	VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass));
}

void VulkanExampleBase::getEnabledFeatures()
{
	// Can be overriden in derived class
}

void VulkanExampleBase::windowResize()
{
	if (!prepared)
	{
		return;
	}
	prepared = false;

	// Ensure all operations on the device have been finished before destroying resources
	vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);

	// Recreate swap chain
	width = destWidth;
	height = destHeight;
	setupSwapChain();

	// Recreate the frame buffers
	vkDestroyImageView(device, depthStencil.view, nullptr);
	vkDestroyImage(device, depthStencil.image, nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, depthStencil.mem, nullptr);
	setupDepthStencil();	
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frameBuffers.size(); i++) {
		vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, frameBuffers[i], nullptr);
	}
	setupFrameBuffer();

	if ((width > 0.0f) && (height > 0.0f)) {
		if (settings.overlay) {
			UIOverlay.resize(width, height);
		}
	}

	// Command buffers need to be recreated as they may store
	// references to the recreated frame buffer
	destroyCommandBuffers();
	createCommandBuffers();
	buildCommandBuffers();

	vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);

	if ((width > 0.0f) && (height > 0.0f)) {
		camera.updateAspectRatio((float)width / (float)height);
	}

	// Notify derived class
	windowResized();
	viewChanged();

	prepared = true;
}

void VulkanExampleBase::handleMouseMove(int32_t x, int32_t y)
{
	int32_t dx = (int32_t)mousePos.x - x;
	int32_t dy = (int32_t)mousePos.y - y;

	bool handled = false;

	if (settings.overlay) {
		ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
		handled = io.WantCaptureMouse;
	}
	mouseMoved((float)x, (float)y, handled);

	if (handled) {
		mousePos = glm::vec2((float)x, (float)y);
		return;
	}

	if (mouseButtons.left) {
		rotation.x += dy * 1.25f * rotationSpeed;
		rotation.y -= dx * 1.25f * rotationSpeed;
		camera.rotate(glm::vec3(dy * camera.rotationSpeed, -dx * camera.rotationSpeed, 0.0f));
		viewUpdated = true;
	}
	if (mouseButtons.right) {
		zoom += dy * .005f * zoomSpeed;
		camera.translate(glm::vec3(-0.0f, 0.0f, dy * .005f * zoomSpeed));
		viewUpdated = true;
	}
	if (mouseButtons.middle) {
		cameraPos.x -= dx * 0.01f;
		cameraPos.y -= dy * 0.01f;
		camera.translate(glm::vec3(-dx * 0.01f, -dy * 0.01f, 0.0f));
		viewUpdated = true;
	}
	mousePos = glm::vec2((float)x, (float)y);
}

void VulkanExampleBase::windowResized()
{
	// Can be overriden in derived class
}

void VulkanExampleBase::initSwapchain()
{
#if defined(_WIN32)
	swapChain.initSurface(windowInstance, window);
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR)	
	swapChain.initSurface(androidApp->window);
#elif (defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK) || defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK))
	swapChain.initSurface(view);
#elif defined(_DIRECT2DISPLAY)
	swapChain.initSurface(width, height);
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
	swapChain.initSurface(display, surface);
#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR)
	swapChain.initSurface(connection, window);
#endif
}

void VulkanExampleBase::setupSwapChain()
{
	swapChain.create(&width, &height, settings.vsync);
}

void VulkanExampleBase::OnUpdateUIOverlay(vks::UIOverlay *overlay) {}